naa a22 4500 510765696 CHVBK 20180411083155.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11630-013-0593-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11630-013-0593-2 Agglomeration characteristics of river sand and wheat stalk ash mixture at high temperatures [Elektronische Daten] [Linlin Shang, Shiyuan Li, Qinggang Lu] The agglomeration characteristics of river sand and wheat stalk ash mixture at various temperatures are investigated using a muffle furnace. The surface structural changes, as well as the elemental makeup of the surface and cross-section of the agglomerates, are analyzed by polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). Multi-phase equilibrium calculation is performed with FactSage in identifying the melting behavior of the river sand-wheat stalk ash mixture at high temperatures. No indication of agglomeration is detected below 850°C. At a temperature of 900-1000°C, however, obvious agglomeration is observed and the agglomerates solidify further as temperature increases. The presence of potassium and calcium enrichment causes the formation of a sticky sand surface that induces agglomeration. The main component of the agglomerate surface is K2O-CaO-SiO2, which melts at low temperatures. The formation of molten silicates causes particle cohesion. The main ingredient of the binding phase in the cross-section is K2O-SiO2-Na2O-Al2O3-CaO; the agglomeration is not the result of the melting behavior of wheat stalk ash itself but the comprehensive results of chemical reaction and the melting behavior at high temperatures. The multi-phase equilibrium calculations agree well with the experimental results. Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013 Wheat stalk ash nationallicence River sandaAgglomeration nationallicence Phase equilibria nationallicence Microstructure nationallicence Shang Linlin College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing Campus), 102249, Beijing, China aut Li Shiyuan Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China aut Lu Qinggang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China aut Journal of Thermal Science SP Science Press 22/1(2013-02-01), 64-70 1003-2169 22:1<64 2013 22 11630 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-013-0593-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-013-0593-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shang Linlin College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing Campus), 102249, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Li Shiyuan Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lu Qinggang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Thermal Science SP Science Press 22/1(2013-02-01), 64-70 1003-2169 22:1<64 2013 22 11630 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer