naa a22 4500 510771203 CHVBK 20180411083214.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11837-013-0719-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11837-013-0719-8 Material and Energy Requirement for Rare Earth Production [Elektronische Daten] [Laura Talens Peiró, Gara Villalba Méndez] The use of rare earth metals (REMs) for new applications in renewable and communication technologies has increased concern about future supply as well as environmental burdens associated with the extraction, use, and disposal (losses) of these metals. Although there are several reports describing and quantifying the production and use of REM, there is still a lack of quantitative data about the material and energy requirements for their extraction and refining. Such information remains difficult to acquire as China is still supplying over 95% of the world REM supply. This article attempts to estimate the material and energy requirements for the production of REM based on the theoretical chemical reactions and thermodynamics. The results show the material and energy requirement varies greatly depending on the type of mineral ore, production facility, and beneficiation process selected. They also show that the greatest loss occurs during mining (25-50%) and beneficiation (10-30%) of RE minerals. We hope that the material and energy balances presented in this article will be of use in life cycle analysis, resource accounting, and other industrial ecology tools used to quantify the environmental consequences of meeting REM demand for new technology products. TMS, 2013 Talens Peiró Laura INSEAD—Campus Europe, Boulevard de Constance, 77305, Fontainebleau, France aut Villalba Méndez Gara Department of Chemical Engineering, Edifici Q, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain aut JOM Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 65/10(2013-10-01), 1327-1340 1047-4838 65:10<1327 2013 65 11837 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0719-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0719-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Talens Peiró Laura INSEAD—Campus Europe, Boulevard de Constance, 77305, Fontainebleau, France aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Villalba Méndez Gara Department of Chemical Engineering, Edifici Q, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- JOM Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 65/10(2013-10-01), 1327-1340 1047-4838 65:10<1327 2013 65 11837 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer