naa a22 4500 51077122X CHVBK 20180411083214.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11837-013-0737-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11837-013-0737-6 Rare-Earth Elements in Lighting and Optical Applications and Their Recycling [Elektronische Daten] [Xin Song, Moon-Hwan Chang, Michael Pecht] Rare-earth elements (REEs) are used in lighting and optical applications to enable color and light adjustment, miniaturization, and energy efficiency. Common applications of REEs include phosphors for light-emitting diodes, lasers, and electronic video displays. This article reviews how REEs are widely used in these applications. However, supply constraints, including rising prices, environmental concerns over mining and refining processes, and China's control over the supply of the vast majority of REEs, are of concern for manufacturers. In view of these supply constraints, this article discusses ways for manufacturers of lighting and optical devices to identify potential substitutes and recycling methods for REEs. TMS, 2013 Song Xin Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, People's Republic of China aut Chang Moon-Hwan Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD, USA aut Pecht Michael Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD, USA aut JOM Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 65/10(2013-10-01), 1276-1282 1047-4838 65:10<1276 2013 65 11837 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0737-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0737-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Song Xin Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 210008, Nanjing, People's Republic of China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Chang Moon-Hwan Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pecht Michael Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering, University of Maryland, 20742, College Park, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- JOM Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 65/10(2013-10-01), 1276-1282 1047-4838 65:10<1276 2013 65 11837 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer