naa a22 4500 510771505 CHVBK 20180411083215.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11837-013-0567-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11837-013-0567-6 Precipitates in Biomedical Co-Cr Alloys [Elektronische Daten] [Takayuki Narushima, Shingo Mineta, Yuto Kurihara, Kyosuke Ueda] Herein, precipitates in biomedical Co-Cr-Mo and Co-Cr-W-Ni alloys are reviewed with a focus on their phase, chemical composition, morphology, and formation/dissolution during heat treatment. The effects of the heat-treatment conditions and the addition of minor alloying elements such as carbon, nitrogen, Si, and Mn on the precipitates are also discussed. Mostly, the precipitates in the alloys are of the σ-phase, M23X6-type phase, η-phase (M6X-M12X type), π-phase (M2T3X type), χ-phase, M7X3-type phase, or M2X-type phase (M and T refer to metallic elements, and X refers to carbon and/or nitrogen); the σ- and χ-phases are intermetallic compounds, and the others are carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. The dissolution of the precipitates during solution treatment is delayed by the formation of the π-phase at temperatures where partial melting occurs in the alloys. In addition, the stability of the precipitates depends on the content of minor alloying elements. For example, the addition of carbon enhances the formation of M23X6-type and M7X3-type precipitates. Nitrogen stabilizes the M2X-type, η-phase, and π-phase precipitates, and Si stabilizes the η-phase and χ-phase precipitates. The balance between the minor alloying element abundances also affects the constitution of the precipitates in Co-Cr alloys. TMS, 2013 Narushima Takayuki Department of Materials Processing, Tohoku University, 980-8579, Sendai, Japan aut Mineta Shingo Department of Materials Processing, Tohoku University, 980-8579, Sendai, Japan aut Kurihara Yuto Department of Materials Processing, Tohoku University, 980-8579, Sendai, Japan aut Ueda Kyosuke Department of Materials Processing, Tohoku University, 980-8579, Sendai, Japan aut JOM Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 65/4(2013-04-01), 489-504 1047-4838 65:4<489 2013 65 11837 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0567-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0567-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Narushima Takayuki Department of Materials Processing, Tohoku University, 980-8579, Sendai, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mineta Shingo Department of Materials Processing, Tohoku University, 980-8579, Sendai, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kurihara Yuto Department of Materials Processing, Tohoku University, 980-8579, Sendai, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ueda Kyosuke Department of Materials Processing, Tohoku University, 980-8579, Sendai, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- JOM Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 65/4(2013-04-01), 489-504 1047-4838 65:4<489 2013 65 11837 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer