naa a22 4500 510771637 CHVBK 20180411083216.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11837-013-0661-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11837-013-0661-9 A New Method for Estimation of Emissions and Sources of Measurements Error in the Silicon Refining Process [Elektronische Daten] [Mari Næss, Ida Kero, Gabriella Tranell] In the production of metallurgical grade silicon (MG-Si), fugitive emissions are a serious concern due to the health risks associated with the fumes formed in different parts of the production. The fumes are also a potential environmental hazard. Yet, the chemical composition of the fumes from most process steps in the silicon plant, such as oxidative refining ladle, remains unknown. This in turn constitutes a problem with respect to the correct assessment of the environmental impact and working conditions. A comprehensive industrial measurement campaign was performed at the Elkem Salten MG-Si production plant in Norway. Samples of the ingoing and outgoing mass flows were analyzed by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, with respect to 62 elements. In every step of the sampling and sample treatment processes, possible sources of error have been identified and quantified, including process variation, mass measurement accuracy, and contamination risk. Total measurement errors for all elements in all phases are established. The method is applied to estimate the order of magnitude of the elemental emissions via the fumes from the tapping and refining processes, with respect to production mass and year. The elements with higher concentrations in the fume than slag and refined silicon include Ag, Bi, Cd, Cu, In, K, Mg, Na, Pb, Rb, Se, Sn, Tl, and Zn: all being present in the ppm range. This work constitutes new and vital information to enable the correct assessment of the environmental impact and working conditions at an MG-Si plant. The Author(s), 2013 Næss Mari Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Alfred Getz vei 2, 7491, Trondheim, Norway aut Kero Ida Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Alfred Getz vei 2, 7491, Trondheim, Norway aut Tranell Gabriella Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Alfred Getz vei 2, 7491, Trondheim, Norway aut JOM Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 65/8(2013-08-01), 997-1006 1047-4838 65:8<997 2013 65 11837 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0661-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0661-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Næss Mari Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Alfred Getz vei 2, 7491, Trondheim, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kero Ida Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Alfred Getz vei 2, 7491, Trondheim, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tranell Gabriella Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Alfred Getz vei 2, 7491, Trondheim, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- JOM Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 65/8(2013-08-01), 997-1006 1047-4838 65:8<997 2013 65 11837 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer