naa a22 4500 51077248X CHVBK 20180411083219.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11837-013-0740-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11837-013-0740-y Hara Yotamu Institute for Materials Research, Leeds University, Leeds, UK aut Study of Reaction Mechanisms for Copper-Cobalt-Iron Sulfide Concentrates in the Presence of Lime and Carbon [Elektronische Daten] [Yotamu Hara] The reaction mechanisms for the carbothermic reduction of complex mineral sulfide concentrates in the presence of lime were studied between 1073K and 1323K. The reaction mechanisms were studied by stopping the reduction experiments at different times and analyzing the reaction products by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Magnetite (Fe3O4) and digenite (Cu1.8S) were the initial phases formed during reduction of CuFeS2 and Cu5FeS4 mineral particles, such that metallization of iron occurred before copper above 1173K and at an equal stoichiometric ratio of CaO and C. The metallization of iron was found to take place via reduction of intermediate oxide phase (Fe3O4/FeO), whereas metallization of copper occurred via diffusion of S2− ions away from the mineral particles or via formation of Cu-O-S liquid phase. Metallic iron and cobalt were embedded in the copper matrix due to a preferential reduction of iron and cobalt from the Cu-Fe-S and Cu-Co-S type of mineral particles. The effects of CaO/C ratio were analyzed and the rate of reactions was increasing with an increase in the CaO/C ratio. The formation of liquid phase has been discussed. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with the thermodynamic predictions. TMS, 2013 JOM Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 65/11(2013-11-01), 1597-1607 1047-4838 65:11<1597 2013 65 11837 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0740-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0740-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Hara Yotamu Institute for Materials Research, Leeds University, Leeds, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- JOM Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 65/11(2013-11-01), 1597-1607 1047-4838 65:11<1597 2013 65 11837 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer