naa a22 4500 510774008 CHVBK 20180411083224.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s12110-013-9180-1 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s12110-013-9180-1 Teaching and the Life History of Cultural Transmission in Fijian Villages [Elektronische Daten] [Michelle Kline, Robert Boyd, Joseph Henrich] Much existing literature in anthropology suggests that teaching is rare in non-Western societies, and that cultural transmission is mostly vertical (parent-to-offspring). However, applications of evolutionary theory to humans predict both teaching and non-vertical transmission of culturally learned skills, behaviors, and knowledge should be common cross-culturally. Here, we review this body of theory to derive predictions about when teaching and non-vertical transmission should be adaptive, and thus more likely to be observed empirically. Using three interviews conducted with rural Fijian populations, we find that parents are more likely to teach than are other kin types, high-skill and highly valued domains are more likely to be taught, and oblique transmission is associated with high-skill domains, which are learned later in life. Finally, we conclude that the apparent conflict between theory and empirical evidence is due to a mismatch of theoretical hypotheses and empirical claims across disciplines, and we reconcile theory with the existing literature in light of our results. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2013 Cultural transmission nationallicence Human evolution nationallicence Teaching nationallicence Learning nationallicence Childhood nationallicence Kline Michelle Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA aut Boyd Robert School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, 85287, Phoenix, AZ, USA aut Henrich Joseph Departments of Psychology and Economics, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, BC, Canada aut Human Nature Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 24/4(2013-12-01), 351-374 1045-6767 24:4<351 2013 24 12110 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-013-9180-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-013-9180-1 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kline Michelle Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Boyd Robert School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, 85287, Phoenix, AZ, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Henrich Joseph Departments of Psychology and Economics, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Vancouver, BC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Human Nature Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 24/4(2013-12-01), 351-374 1045-6767 24:4<351 2013 24 12110 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer