naa a22 4500 510775705 CHVBK 20180411083229.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s12975-012-0244-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s12975-012-0244-z Biological Networks in Ischemic Tolerance — Rethinking the Approach to Clinical Conditioning [Elektronische Daten] [Josef Anrather, John Hallenbeck] The adaptive response (conditioning) to environmental stressors evokes evolutionarily conserved programs in uni- and multicellular organisms that result in increased fitness and resistance to stressor induced injury. Although the concept of conditioning has been around for a while, its translation into clinical therapies targeting neurovascular diseases has only recently begun. The slow pace of clinical adoption might be partially explained by our poor understanding of underpinning mechanisms and of the complex responses of the organism to the stressor. At the 2nd Translational Preconditioning Meeting, participants engaged in an intense discussion addressing whether the time has come to more aggressively implement clinical conditioning protocols in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases or whether it would be better to wait until preclinical data would help to minimize clinical empiricism. This review addresses the complex involvement of biological networks in establishing ischemic tolerance at the organism level using two clinically promising conditioning modalities, namely remote ischemic preconditioning, and per- or post-conditioning, as examples. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2013 Stroke nationallicence Cerebral ischemia nationallicence Ischemic tolerance nationallicence Preconditioning nationallicence Remote preconditioning nationallicence Postconditioning nationallicence Stroke therapy nationallicence Neural circuits nationallicence Humoral factors nationallicence Anrather Josef Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 407 East 61 Street, RR303, 10065, New York, NY, USA aut Hallenbeck John Stroke Branch, NINDS, NIH, 10 Center Drive MSC 1401, Building 10/Room 5B02, 20892-1401, Bethesda, MD, USA aut Translational Stroke Research Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 4/1(2013-02-01), 114-129 1868-4483 4:1<114 2013 4 12975 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-012-0244-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-012-0244-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Anrather Josef Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 407 East 61 Street, RR303, 10065, New York, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hallenbeck John Stroke Branch, NINDS, NIH, 10 Center Drive MSC 1401, Building 10/Room 5B02, 20892-1401, Bethesda, MD, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Translational Stroke Research Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 4/1(2013-02-01), 114-129 1868-4483 4:1<114 2013 4 12975 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer