naa a22 4500 510776027 CHVBK 20180411083230.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s12975-012-0249-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s12975-012-0249-7 Effect of Gender on Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury [Elektronische Daten] [Wai-Man Chan, Yahya Mohammed, Isabel Lee, Damien Pearse] Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that affects thousands of new individuals each year, the majority of which are males. Males with SCI tend to be injured at an earlier age, mostly during sports or motor vehicle accidents, whereas females tend be injured later in life, particularly in the age group 65 and older. In both experimental and clinical studies, the question as to whether gender affects outcome has been addressed in a variety of patient groups and animal models. Results from experimental paradigms have suggested that a gender bias in outcome exists that favors females and appears to involve the advantageous or disadvantageous effects of the gonadal sex hormones estrogen and progesterone or testosterone, respectively. However, other studies have shown an absence of gender differences in outcome in specific SCI models and work has also questioned the involvement of female sex hormones in the observed outcome improvements in females. Similar controversy exists clinically, in studies that have examined gender disparities in outcome after SCI. The current review examines the experimental and clinical evidence for a gender bias in outcome following SCI and discusses issues that have made it difficult to conclusively answer this question. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2013 Male nationallicence Female nationallicence CNS nationallicence Trauma nationallicence Estrogen nationallicence Testosterone nationallicence Progesterone nationallicence Clinical nationallicence Functional recovery nationallicence Pain nationallicence Chan Wai-Man Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 33136, Miami, FL, USA aut Mohammed Yahya Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 33136, Miami, FL, USA aut Lee Isabel Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 33136, Miami, FL, USA aut Pearse Damien Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 33136, Miami, FL, USA aut Translational Stroke Research Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 4/4(2013-08-01), 447-461 1868-4483 4:4<447 2013 4 12975 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-012-0249-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-012-0249-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Chan Wai-Man Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 33136, Miami, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mohammed Yahya Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 33136, Miami, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lee Isabel Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 33136, Miami, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Pearse Damien Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 33136, Miami, FL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Translational Stroke Research Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 4/4(2013-08-01), 447-461 1868-4483 4:4<447 2013 4 12975 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer