naa a22 4500 510776116 CHVBK 20180411083230.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s12975-012-0238-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s12975-012-0238-x Biological Sex and Mechanisms of Ischemic Brain Injury [Elektronische Daten] [Paco Herson, Julie Palmateer, Patricia Hurn] Cerebrovascular disease is a leading cause of death from disease and of disability worldwide, affecting some 15 million people. The incidence of stroke or "brain attack” is unlikely to recede for a decade at minimum by most predictions, despite large public health initiatives in stroke prevention. It has been well established that stroke is also one of the most strikingly sex-specific diseases in its epidemiology and, in some cases, in patient outcomes. For example, women sustain lower rates of ischemic stroke relative to men, even beyond their menopausal years. In contrast, outcomes are worse in women in many clinical studies. The biological basis for this sexual dimorphism is a compelling story, and both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent factors are involved, the latter of which is the subject of this brief review. Understanding the molecular and cell-based mechanisms underlying sex differences in ischemic brain injury is an important step toward personalized medicine and effective therapeutic interventions in patients of both sexes. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2012 Stroke nationallicence Cerebral ischemia nationallicence Gender nationallicence Sexual Dimorphism nationallicence Transient receptor potential M2 nationallicence Herson Paco Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA aut Palmateer Julie College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA aut Hurn Patricia College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA aut Translational Stroke Research Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 4/4(2013-08-01), 413-419 1868-4483 4:4<413 2013 4 12975 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-012-0238-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-012-0238-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Herson Paco Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Palmateer Julie College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hurn Patricia College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Translational Stroke Research Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 4/4(2013-08-01), 413-419 1868-4483 4:4<413 2013 4 12975 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer