naa a22 4500 510776221 CHVBK 20180411083231.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s12975-013-0281-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s12975-013-0281-2 Therapeutic Antibodies in Stroke [Elektronische Daten] [Chye Yu, Gandi Ng, Ping Liao] Immunotherapy represents an active area of biomedical research to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. In stroke, recanalization therapy is effective in reducing brain tissue damage after acute ischemic stroke. However, the narrow time window restricts its application for the majority of stroke patients. There is an urgent need to develop adjuvant therapies such as immunotherapy, stem cell replacement, and neuroprotective drugs. A number of molecules have been targeted for immunotherapy in stroke management, including myelin-associated proteins and their receptors, N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors, cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules. Both active vaccination and passive antibodies were tested in animal models of acute ischemic stroke. However, the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of immunotherapy are different for each target protein. Blocking myelin-associated proteins may enhance neuroplasticity, whereas blocking adhesion molecules may yield neuroprotection by suppressing the immune response after stroke. Although results from animal studies are encouraging, clinical trials using therapeutic antibodies failed to improve stroke outcome due to severe side effects. It remains a challenge to generate specific therapeutic antibodies with minimal side effects on other organs and systems. The Author(s), 2013 Antibody nationallicence Stroke nationallicence Immunotherapy nationallicence Yu Chye Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore, Singapore aut Ng Gandi Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore, Singapore aut Liao Ping Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore, Singapore aut Translational Stroke Research Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 4/5(2013-10-01), 477-483 1868-4483 4:5<477 2013 4 12975 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-013-0281-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-013-0281-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yu Chye Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore, Singapore aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ng Gandi Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore, Singapore aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liao Ping Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, 308433, Singapore, Singapore aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Translational Stroke Research Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 4/5(2013-10-01), 477-483 1868-4483 4:5<477 2013 4 12975 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer