naa a22 4500 510777260 CHVBK 20180411083234.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131201xx s 000 0 eng 10.3758/s13428-012-0305-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.3758/s13428-012-0305-y Establishing normative data for repeated cognitive assessment: A comparison of different statistical methods [Elektronische Daten] [Wim Van der Elst, Geert Molenberghs, Martin Van Boxtel, Jelle Jolles] Serial cognitive assessment is conducted to monitor changes in the cognitive abilities of patients over time. At present, mainly the regression-based change and the ANCOVA approaches are used to establish normative data for serial cognitive assessment. These methods are straightforward, but they have some severe drawbacks. For example, they can only consider the data of two measurement occasions. In this article, we propose three alternative normative methods that are not hampered by these problems—that is, multivariate regression, the standard linear mixed model (LMM), and the linear mixed model combined with multiple imputation (LMM with MI) approaches. The multivariate regression method is primarily useful when a small number of repeated measurements are taken at fixed time points. When the data are more unbalanced, the standard LMM and the LMM with MI methods are more appropriate because they allow for a more adequate modeling of the covariance structure. The standard LMM has the advantage that it is easier to conduct and that it does not require a Monte Carlo component. The LMM with MI, on the other hand, has the advantage that it can flexibly deal with missing responses and missing covariate values at the same time. The different normative methods are illustrated on the basis of the data of a large longitudinal study in which a cognitive test (the Stroop Color Word Test) was administered at four measurement occasions (i.e., at baseline and 3, 6, and 12years later). The results are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided. Psychonomic Society, Inc., 2013 Serial testing nationallicence Norms nationallicence Practice effects nationallicence Longitudinal data nationallicence Linear mixed model nationallicence Multiple imputation nationallicence Stroop Color Word Test nationallicence Van der Elst Wim Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (CenStat), Universiteit Hasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium aut Molenberghs Geert Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (CenStat), Universiteit Hasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium aut Van Boxtel Martin School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut Jolles Jelle LEARN! Research Institute and Faculty of Psychology & Education, VU Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Behavior Research Methods Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 45/4(2013-12-01), 1073-1086 45:4<1073 2013 45 13428 https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-012-0305-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-012-0305-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Van der Elst Wim Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (CenStat), Universiteit Hasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Molenberghs Geert Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics (CenStat), Universiteit Hasselt, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Van Boxtel Martin School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), and European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jolles Jelle LEARN! Research Institute and Faculty of Psychology & Education, VU Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Behavior Research Methods Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 45/4(2013-12-01), 1073-1086 45:4<1073 2013 45 13428 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer