naa a22 4500 510778194 CHVBK 20180411083238.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11948-011-9294-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11948-011-9294-y Is Human Enhancement also a Personal Matter? [Elektronische Daten] [Vincent Menuz, Thierry Hurlimann, Béatrice Godard] Emerging technologies are increasingly used in an attempt to "enhance the human body and/or mind” beyond the contemporary standards that characterize human beings. Yet, such standards are deeply controversial and it is not an easy task to determine whether the application of a given technology to an individual and its outcome can be defined as a human enhancement or not. Despite much debate on its potential or actual ethical and social impacts, human enhancement is not subject to any consensual definition. This paper proposes a timely and much needed examination of the various definitions found in the literature. We classify these definitions into four main categories: the implicit approach, the therapy-enhancement distinction, the improvement of general human capacities and the increase of well-being. After commenting on these different approaches and their limitations, we propose a definition of human enhancement that focuses on individual perceptions. While acknowledging that a definition that mainly depends on personal and subjective individual perceptions raises many challenges, we suggest that a comprehensive approach to define human enhancement could constitute a useful premise to appropriately address the complexity of the ethical and social issues it generates. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011 Biomedical enhancement nationallicence Enhancement technologies nationallicence Genetic engineering nationallicence Ethical issues nationallicence Menuz Vincent Faculty of medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Bioethics Programs, University of Montreal, C.P.6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3J7, Montreal, QC, Canada aut Hurlimann Thierry Faculty of medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Bioethics Programs, University of Montreal, C.P.6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3J7, Montreal, QC, Canada aut Godard Béatrice Faculty of medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Bioethics Programs, University of Montreal, C.P.6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3J7, Montreal, QC, Canada aut Science and Engineering Ethics Springer Netherlands 19/1(2013-03-01), 161-177 1353-3452 19:1<161 2013 19 11948 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-011-9294-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-011-9294-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Menuz Vincent Faculty of medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Bioethics Programs, University of Montreal, C.P.6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3J7, Montreal, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hurlimann Thierry Faculty of medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Bioethics Programs, University of Montreal, C.P.6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3J7, Montreal, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Godard Béatrice Faculty of medicine, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Bioethics Programs, University of Montreal, C.P.6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, H3C 3J7, Montreal, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Science and Engineering Ethics Springer Netherlands 19/1(2013-03-01), 161-177 1353-3452 19:1<161 2013 19 11948 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer