naa a22 4500 510778879 CHVBK 20180411083240.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11948-011-9344-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11948-011-9344-5 de Melo-Martín Inmaculada Department of Public Health, Division of Medical Ethics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 402 E. 67th Street, LA-211, 10065, New York, NY, USA aut Patenting and the Gender Gap: Should Women Be Encouraged to Patent More? [Elektronische Daten] [Inmaculada de Melo-Martín] The commercialization of academic science has come to be understood as economically desirable for institutions, individual researchers, and the public. Not surprisingly, commercial activity, particularly that which results from patenting, appears to be producing changes in the standards used to evaluate scientists' performance and contributions. In this context, concerns about a gender gap in patenting activity have arisen and some have argued for the need to encourage women to seek more patents. They believe that because academic advancement is mainly dependent on productivity (Stuart and Ding in American Journal of Sociology 112:97-144, 2006; Azoulay et al. in Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 63:599-623, 2007), differences in research output have the power to negatively impact women's careers. Moreover, in the case of patenting activity, they claim that the gender gap also has the potential to negatively affect society. This is so because scientific and technological advancement and innovation play a crucial role in contemporary societies. Thus, women's more limited involvement in the commercialization of science and technology can also be detrimental to innovation itself. Nevertheless, calls to encourage women to patent on grounds that such activity is likely to play a significant role in the betterment of both women's careers and society seem to be based on two problematic assumptions: (1) that the methods to determine women's productivity in patenting activities are an appropriate way to measure their research efforts and the impact of their work, and (2) that patenting, particularly in academia, benefits society. The purpose of this paper is to call into question these two assumptions. Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011 Gender-gap nationallicence Patenting nationallicence Commercialization of science nationallicence Science and Engineering Ethics Springer Netherlands 19/2(2013-06-01), 491-504 1353-3452 19:2<491 2013 19 11948 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-011-9344-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-011-9344-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- de Melo-Martín Inmaculada Department of Public Health, Division of Medical Ethics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 402 E. 67th Street, LA-211, 10065, New York, NY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Science and Engineering Ethics Springer Netherlands 19/2(2013-06-01), 491-504 1353-3452 19:2<491 2013 19 11948 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer