naa a22 4500 510779875 CHVBK 20180411083243.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11892-013-0411-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11892-013-0411-y Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Prevention [Elektronische Daten] [Omodele Awoniyi, Rabia Rehman, Samuel Dagogo-Jack] Hypoglycemia is uncommon in the general, nondiabetic population but occurs frequently in persons with diabetes treated with insulin or insulin secretagogues. Thus, iatrogenic hypoglycemia explains the majority of cases among persons with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Since T1DM is characterized by absolute insulin dependence, the current imperfections in insulin replacement therapies often lead to a mismatch between caloric supply and circulating insulin levels, thus increasing the risk for glycemic fluctuations. Hypoglycemia is the limiting factor to excellent glycemic control in insulin-treated subjects. Intensification of glycemic control was associated with a 300% increase in the rate of hypoglycemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Recent measurements using continuous glucose monitoring reveal an alarming rate of daytime and nocturnal episodes of hypoglycemia in patients with T1DM. Etiological factors underlying hypoglycemia in T1DM include predictable triggers (skipped meals, exercise, insulin over dosage) as well as defective counterregulation, a component of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2013 Type 1 diabetes mellitus nationallicence Hemoglobin A1c nationallicence Iatrogenic hypoglycemia nationallicence Epidemiology nationallicence Risk factors nationallicence Pathophysiology nationallicence Defective counterregulation nationallicence Hypoglycemia unawareness nationallicence Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure nationallicence Syndrome nationallicence Insulinemia nationallicence Prevention nationallicence Monitoring nationallicence Education nationallicence Diet nationallicence Exercise nationallicence Medications nationallicence Pathogenesis nationallicence Awoniyi Omodele Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism & Clinical Research Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Avenue, Suite 300A, 38163, Memphis, TN, USA aut Rehman Rabia Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism & Clinical Research Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Avenue, Suite 300A, 38163, Memphis, TN, USA aut Dagogo-Jack Samuel Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism & Clinical Research Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Avenue, Suite 300A, 38163, Memphis, TN, USA aut Current Diabetes Reports Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 13/5(2013-10-01), 669-678 1534-4827 13:5<669 2013 13 11892 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-013-0411-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-013-0411-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Awoniyi Omodele Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism & Clinical Research Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Avenue, Suite 300A, 38163, Memphis, TN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rehman Rabia Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism & Clinical Research Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Avenue, Suite 300A, 38163, Memphis, TN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dagogo-Jack Samuel Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism & Clinical Research Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 920 Madison Avenue, Suite 300A, 38163, Memphis, TN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Current Diabetes Reports Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 13/5(2013-10-01), 669-678 1534-4827 13:5<669 2013 13 11892 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer