naa a22 4500 510779921 CHVBK 20180411083243.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11892-013-0409-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11892-013-0409-5 Vaarala Outi Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland aut Human Intestinal Microbiota and Type 1 Diabetes [Elektronische Daten] [Outi Vaarala] The role of intestinal microbiota in immune-mediated diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, has deservedly received a lot of attention. Evidently, changes in the intestinal microbiota are associated with type 1 diabetes as demonstrated by recent studies. Children with beta-cell autoimmunity have shown low abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria and increase in the abundance of members of the Bacteroidetes phylum in fecal microbiota. These alterations could explain increased gut permeability, subclinical small intestinal inflammation, and dysregulation of oral tolerance in type 1 diabetes. However, these studies do not provide evidence of the causative role of the gut microbiota in the development of beta-cell autoimmunity, yet. In animal models, the composition of gut microbiota modulates the function of both innate and adaptive immunity, and intestinal bacteria are regulators of autoimmune diabetes. Thus, prevention of type 1 diabetes could, in the future, be based on the interventions targeted to the gut microbiota. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2013 Beta-cell autoantibodies nationallicence Bacteroides nationallicence Bifidobacteria nationallicence Akkermansia nationallicence Clostridium nationallicence Human intestinal microbiota nationallicence Type 1 diabetes nationallicence Current Diabetes Reports Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 13/5(2013-10-01), 601-607 1534-4827 13:5<601 2013 13 11892 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-013-0409-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-013-0409-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 100 1- Vaarala Outi Department of Vaccination and Immune Protection, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Current Diabetes Reports Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 13/5(2013-10-01), 601-607 1534-4827 13:5<601 2013 13 11892 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer