naa a22 4500 510780067 CHVBK 20180411083244.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130401xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11892-012-0360-x doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11892-012-0360-x Maternal/Fetal Determinants of Insulin Resistance in Women During Pregnancy and in Offspring Over Life [Elektronische Daten] [Marilyn Lacroix, Eralda Kina, Marie-France Hivert] Insulin resistance is a component of the pathophysiology of both type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but is also characteristic of normal glycemic physiology during pregnancy. In recent years, many studies have tried to understand determinants of insulin resistance in normal pregnancy and GDM, revealing that the placenta is capable of secreting many cytokines and hormones, classically considered as adipokines. More specifically, it appears that leptin and TNFα could be implicated in gestational insulin resistance and GDM pathophysiology. In addition, the maternal metabolic milieu was also identified as a key determinant of later insulin resistance in offspring, a phenomenon often described as ‘fetal programming'. This article reviews the established risk factors and the more novel suspected biomarkers involved in maternal insulin resistance during pregnancy as well as the maternal and early life determinants of insulin resistance in offspring later in their life. We are also highlighting recent reports of the potential mechanisms involved in ‘programming' of insulin resistance such as epigenetic modulation. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2013 Insulin resistance nationallicence Pregnancy nationallicence Early origin nationallicence Maternal metabolism nationallicence Fetal determinants nationallicence Programming nationallicence Epigenetics nationallicence Offspring nationallicence Lacroix Marilyn Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e ave Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut Kina Eralda Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e ave Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut Hivert Marie-France Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e ave Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut Current Diabetes Reports Current Science Inc. 13/2(2013-04-01), 238-244 1534-4827 13:2<238 2013 13 11892 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-012-0360-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-012-0360-x text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lacroix Marilyn Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e ave Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kina Eralda Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e ave Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hivert Marie-France Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12e ave Nord, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Current Diabetes Reports Current Science Inc 13/2(2013-04-01), 238-244 1534-4827 13:2<238 2013 13 11892 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer