naa a22 4500 510780172 CHVBK 20180411083244.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11692-012-9187-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11692-012-9187-2 Sexual Size Dimorphism in Anurans: Ontogenetic Determination Revealed by an Across-Species Comparison [Elektronische Daten] [Lixia Zhang, Xin Lu] Ever since Darwin, why and how sexual size dimorphism (SSD) arises among the animal kingdom has puzzled evolutionary biologists. While comparative analyses focus on ultimate causes of this phenomenon, few attempts have been made to quantify its ontogenetic basis. Here we deal with the latter issue using the skeletochronology-based demographic data gathered from the literature for anurans, a group of indeterminately growing vertebrates typically exhibit female-biased SSD. Both non- and phylogenetically corrected analyses showed (1) SSD was correlated positively with the sex difference in adult mean age but negatively with the corresponding difference in annual growth rate, (2) the sex difference in adult mean age tended to be negatively correlated with that in growth rate, and (3) the sex difference in adult mean age was positively correlated with that in age at maturity. We conclude that in anuran lineages, the degree of SSD bias towards females is mediated by sexual bimaturation: females mature later than males, and thus live longer and attain larger despite growing slower. Stronger fecundity selection benefits to females, despite incurring growth cost, in combination with the benefits to males from increased reproductive opportunities resulting from earlier maturity, should be the primary evolutionary drivers of the typically female-biased SSD. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2012 Anuran amphibians nationallicence Body size nationallicence Life history nationallicence Ontogeny nationallicence Phylogenetic comparison nationallicence Zhang Lixia Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut Lu Xin Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut Evolutionary Biology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 40/1(2013-03-01), 84-91 0071-3260 40:1<84 2013 40 11692 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-012-9187-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-012-9187-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zhang Lixia Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lu Xin Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Evolutionary Biology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 40/1(2013-03-01), 84-91 0071-3260 40:1<84 2013 40 11692 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer