naa a22 4500 510780377 CHVBK 20180411083245.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130901xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11692-012-9215-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11692-012-9215-2 Evolution of Functional Genes in Cetaceans Driven by Natural Selection on a Phylogenetic and Population Level [Elektronische Daten] [Andre Moura, Ada Natoli, Emer Rogan, A. Hoelzel] Cetaceans represent an evolutionary lineage marked by drastic morphological and physiological changes during their adaptation to an exclusively marine existence. In addition, several cetacean species exhibit geographical ranges that encompass different marine environments, with genetic breaks being sometimes consistent with environmental breaks. As such, genes that underwent adaptation during the land-sea transition can also be potential candidates for adaptation to different oceanic environments. In this study, we analysed 3 milk protein genes (β-casein, κ-casein, and α-lactalbumin) and 2 immunity related genes (MHC DQβ1 and γ-fibrinogen) for selection based on available phylogenetic datasets of both mammals and cetaceans, and used the results from this analysis to assess adaptation to different environments on a population level in the European common dolphin (Delphinus delphis). We found that evidence for positive selection could be detected in all genes in the phylogenetic analyses, with β-casein showing a further increase in selective pressure in the cetacean lineage. At the population level, both the immune system locus DQβ1 and β-casein genes showed patterns of variation consistent with divergent selection, and in each case the same populations showed differentiation. One of these populations was also differentiated at neutral markers, while the other was not. We discuss possible inference, and the potential for the further development of these ideas using genomic technologies. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2012 Adaptive evolution nationallicence Selection nationallicence Cetacea nationallicence Candidate functional genes nationallicence Milk proteins nationallicence Moura Andre School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK aut Natoli Ada Biological Department, UAE University, P.O. Box 17551, Al Ain, U.A.E. aut Rogan Emer School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland aut Hoelzel A. School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK aut Evolutionary Biology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 40/3(2013-09-01), 341-354 0071-3260 40:3<341 2013 40 11692 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-012-9215-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-012-9215-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Moura Andre School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Natoli Ada Biological Department, UAE University, P.O. Box 17551, Al Ain, U.A.E aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rogan Emer School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hoelzel A. School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Evolutionary Biology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 40/3(2013-09-01), 341-354 0071-3260 40:3<341 2013 40 11692 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer