naa a22 4500 510780482 CHVBK 20180411083245.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11692-013-9234-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11692-013-9234-7 Estimating the Dynamics of Sexual Selection in Changing Environments [Elektronische Daten] [Ulrika Candolin, Leon Vlieger] Measuring sexual selection in changing environments is challenging, as the targets and mechanisms of selection can vary with the environment. Here, we present the results of an unusually comprehensive study of the influence of human-disturbed habitat structure on sexual selection in the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. We included all episodes of sexual selection, used molecular parentage assignments, and applied several metrics of sexual selection. The results show that the influence of altered habitat structure on sexual selection dynamics is more complex than previously thought, with the influence varying among selection episodes and male groups. Increased habitat structure relaxed the opportunity for sexual selection across episodes, but incorrect conclusions were reached if the analysis was restricted to resource-holding males or based on mating success. A novel finding, revealed by the parentage analysis, is a reduction in sneak fertilization in disturbed environments. This relaxed the opportunity for sexual selection as sneaking had increased the skew in mating success in less structured habitats, because of nesting males with a high mating success sneaking the most. Thus, the influence of environmental change on an alternative reproductive behavior amplified alterations in sexual selection. This emphasizes the need to consider more hidden processes than previously done when investigating how human disturbances modify sexual selection. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2013 Habitat change nationallicence Male-male competition nationallicence Mate choice nationallicence Multiple cues nationallicence Selection indices nationallicence Alternative reproductive behavior nationallicence Candolin Ulrika Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut Vlieger Leon Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut Evolutionary Biology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 40/4(2013-12-01), 589-600 0071-3260 40:4<589 2013 40 11692 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-013-9234-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-013-9234-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Candolin Ulrika Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Vlieger Leon Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014, Helsinki, Finland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Evolutionary Biology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 40/4(2013-12-01), 589-600 0071-3260 40:4<589 2013 40 11692 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer