naa a22 4500 510780636 CHVBK 20180411083246.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11692-012-9199-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11692-012-9199-y Phylogenetic Patterns of Sexual Size Dimorphism in Turtles and Their Implications for Rensch's Rule [Elektronische Daten] [Claudia Ceballos, Dean Adams, John Iverson, Nicole Valenzuela] Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is widespread in nature and may result from selection operating differentially on males and females. Rensch's rule, the increase of SSD with body size in male-biased-SSD species (or decrease in female-biased-SSD species), is documented in invertebrates and vertebrates. In turtles, evidence for Rensch's rule is inconclusive and thus the forces underlying body size evolution remain obscure. Using a phylogenetic approach on 138 turtle species from 9 families, we found that turtles overall and three families follow Rensch's rule, five families display isometry of SSD with body size, while Podocnemididae potentially follows a pattern opposite to Rensch's rule. Furthermore, male size evolves at faster rates than female size. Female-biased-SSD appears ancestral in turtles while male-biased-SSD evolved in every polytypic family at least once. Body size follows an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck evolutionary model in both sexes and SSD types, ruling out drift as a driving process. We explored whether habitat type or sex determination might be general drivers of turtle body size evolution using a phylogenetic context. We found that males are proportionally larger in terrestrial habitats and smaller in more aquatic habitats, while the sex-determining mechanism had no influence on body size evolution. Together, our data indicate that Rensch's rule is not ubiquitous across vertebrates, but rather is prevalent in some lineages and not driven by a single force. Instead, our findings are consistent with the hypotheses that fecundity-selection might operate on females and ecological-selection on males; and that SSD and sex-determining mechanism evolve independently in these long-lived vertebrates. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2012 Sexual selection nationallicence Sexual size dimorphism nationallicence Evolution nationallicence Fecundity selection nationallicence Ecological selection nationallicence Adaptation nationallicence Comparative method nationallicence Reptiles nationallicence Turtles nationallicence Ceballos Claudia Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, 1226, Medellín, Colombia aut Adams Dean Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 50010, Ames, IA, USA aut Iverson John Department of Biology, Earlham College, 47374, Richmond, IN, USA aut Valenzuela Nicole Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 50010, Ames, IA, USA aut Evolutionary Biology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 40/2(2013-06-01), 194-208 0071-3260 40:2<194 2013 40 11692 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-012-9199-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-012-9199-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ceballos Claudia Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, 1226, Medellín, Colombia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Adams Dean Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 50010, Ames, IA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Iverson John Department of Biology, Earlham College, 47374, Richmond, IN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Valenzuela Nicole Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, 50010, Ames, IA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Evolutionary Biology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 40/2(2013-06-01), 194-208 0071-3260 40:2<194 2013 40 11692 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer