naa a22 4500 510780687 CHVBK 20180411083246.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11692-012-9205-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11692-012-9205-4 The Early Stages of Speciation in Amazonian Forest Frogs: Phenotypic Conservatism Despite Strong Genetic Structure [Elektronische Daten] [Igor Kaefer, Bruno Tsuji-Nishikido, Edvaldo Mota, Izeni Farias, Albertina Lima] Phylogeographic perspectives incorporating multiple classes of characters, especially those relating to sexual signals, are promising for the elucidation of recent evolutionary mechanisms driving speciation. Here, forest frogs were used as a model system to access distinct stages in the process of evolutionary differentiation. We studied 280 individuals assigned to three species: Allobates paleovarzensis, A. nidicola and A. masniger. Samples were collected at 20 localities arranged in two study systems, along the middle Amazon and the lower Madeira Rivers, in Central Amazonia. Mantel tests, analyses of molecular variance, and the spatial distribution of haplogroups indicated that the distribution of genetic variability, as inferred from a mitochondrial DNA marker, was determined by a combination of isolation-by-distance effects and the transposition of large Amazonian rivers. These two factors had contrasting relative influences in each of the study systems, which also differed regarding the estimated time of the major cladogenetic events. Pronounced population genetic structure was observed. However, multivariate discriminant function analyses revealed that the phenotypic (morphological and acoustic) divergence was loosely related with genetic differentiation and did not successfully predict assignment of individuals to genetic groups. The observed distribution of genetic variability showed the important role of genetic drift in the diversification of the mitochondrial marker studied. The phenotypic conservatism among populations was surprising in view of the high genetic structuring observed, and indicates a prevailing role of stabilizing selective forces in the process of sexual signal and morphological differentiation. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2012 Genetic drift nationallicence Integrative phylogeography nationallicence Isolation by distance nationallicence Mitochondrial DNA nationallicence River barrier nationallicence Sexual signals nationallicence Kaefer Igor Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, CP 478, 69011-970, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil aut Tsuji-Nishikido Bruno Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69077-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil aut Mota Edvaldo Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69077-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil aut Farias Izeni Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69077-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil aut Lima Albertina Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, CP 478, 69011-970, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil aut Evolutionary Biology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 40/2(2013-06-01), 228-245 0071-3260 40:2<228 2013 40 11692 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-012-9205-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-012-9205-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kaefer Igor Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, CP 478, 69011-970, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tsuji-Nishikido Bruno Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69077-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mota Edvaldo Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69077-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Farias Izeni Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69077-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lima Albertina Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, CP 478, 69011-970, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Evolutionary Biology Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 40/2(2013-06-01), 228-245 0071-3260 40:2<228 2013 40 11692 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer