naa a22 4500 510784100 CHVBK 20180411083256.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s13164-013-0160-5 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s13164-013-0160-5 What is Counterintuitive? Religious Cognition and Natural Expectation [Elektronische Daten] [Yvan Russell, Fernand Gobet] What is ‘counterintuitive'? There is general agreement that it refers to a violation of previously held knowledge, but the precise definition seems to vary with every author and study. The aim of this paper is to deconstruct the notion of ‘counterintuitive' and provide a more philosophically rigorous definition congruent with the history of psychology, recent experimental work in ‘minimally counterintuitive' concepts, the science vs. religion debate, and the developmental and evolutionary background of human beings. We conclude that previous definitions of counterintuitiveness have been flawed and did not resolve the conflict between a believer's conception of the supernatural entity (an atypical "real kind”) and the non-believer's conception (empty name/fictional). Furthermore, too much emphasis has been placed on the universality and (presumed) innateness of intuitive concepts (and hence the criteria for what is counterintuitive)—and far too little attention paid to learning and expertise. We argue that many putatively universal concepts are not innate, but mostly learned and defeasible—part of a religious believer's repertoire of expert knowledge. Nonetheless, the results from empirical studies about the memorability of counterintuitive concepts have been convincing and it is difficult to improve on existing designs and methodologies. However, future studies in counterintuitive concepts need to embed their work in research about context effects, typicality, the psychology of learning and expertise (for example, the formation of expert templates and range defaults), with more attention to the sources of knowledge (direct and indirect knowledge) and a better idea of what ‘default' knowledge really is. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, 2013 Russell Yvan Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK aut Gobet Fernand Department of Psychology, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK aut Review of Philosophy and Psychology Springer Netherlands 4/4(2013-12-01), 715-749 1878-5158 4:4<715 2013 4 13164 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-013-0160-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13164-013-0160-5 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Russell Yvan Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Gobet Fernand Department of Psychology, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Review of Philosophy and Psychology Springer Netherlands 4/4(2013-12-01), 715-749 1878-5158 4:4<715 2013 4 13164 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer