naa a22 4500 510794416 CHVBK 20180411083331.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11277-012-0572-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11277-012-0572-z Using Direction of Arrival to Estimate Obstacle Areas in Cognitive Sensor Environments [Elektronische Daten] [Sheng-Tzong Cheng, Gwo-Jiun Horng, Chi-Hsuan Wang] We propose a mechanism to form hole-like shapes with each of several sensor nodes equipped with a directional antenna called CS-DOA. In the system, we use an adaptive beamformer that can receive useful signals and adjust receiving angles through direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimations. We analyze single sources and links with sensor nodes to form a path around a given hole's margins. This work's proposed mechanism uses different receiving angles to detect a single source, and through the source message, we can detect and determine the given hole's margins. We use cognitive radio to estimate the energy of sensor nodes. We also propose energy consumption control via a game scheme to prolong sensor nodes' lifetime. This innovative mechanism increases performance and convenience, and improves our ability to make rigorous calculations regarding environmental topography. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC., 2012 Hole nationallicence CS-DOA nationallicence DOA nationallicence Beamformer nationallicence CR nationallicence Energy consumption nationallicence Game scheme nationallicence Cheng Sheng-Tzong Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan aut Horng Gwo-Jiun Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan aut Wang Chi-Hsuan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan aut Wireless Personal Communications Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 69/1(2013-03-01), 269-284 0929-6212 69:1<269 2013 69 11277 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0572-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0572-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Cheng Sheng-Tzong Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Horng Gwo-Jiun Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wang Chi-Hsuan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Wireless Personal Communications Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 69/1(2013-03-01), 269-284 0929-6212 69:1<269 2013 69 11277 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer