naa a22 4500 510795544 CHVBK 20180411083335.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11277-011-0446-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11277-011-0446-9 Improved Localization Algorithms Based on Reference Selection of Linear Least Squares in LOS and NLOS Environments [Elektronische Daten] [Shixun Wu, Jiping Li, Shouyin Liu] Linear Least Squares (LLS) estimation is a low complexity but sub-optimum method for estimating the location of a mobile terminal (MT) from some measured distances. It requires selecting one of the known fixed terminals (FTs) as a reference FT for obtaining a linear set of expressions. In this paper, the choosing of the reference FT is investigated. By analyzing the objective function of LLS algorithm, a new method for selecting the reference FT is proposed, which selects the reference FT based on the minimum residual (denoted as MR-RS) rather than the smallest measured distance and improves the localization accuracy significantly in Line of sight (LOS) environment. In Non-line of sight (NLOS) environment, we combine MR-RS algorithm with two other existing algorithms (residual weighting algorithm and three-stage algorithm) to form new algorithms, which also improve the localization accuracy comparing with the two algorithms. Moreover, the time complexity of the proposed algorithms is analyzed. Simulation results show that the proposed methods are always better than the existing methods for arbitrary geometry position of the MT and the LOS/NLOS conditions. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC., 2011 Reference selection nationallicence Least-square (LS) estimation nationallicence Wireless location nationallicence CRLB nationallicence NLOS nationallicence Wu Shixun Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, China aut Li Jiping Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, China aut Liu Shouyin Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, China aut Wireless Personal Communications Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 68/1(2013-01-01), 187-200 0929-6212 68:1<187 2013 68 11277 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-011-0446-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-011-0446-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wu Shixun Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Li Jiping Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liu Shouyin Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Wireless Personal Communications Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 68/1(2013-01-01), 187-200 0929-6212 68:1<187 2013 68 11277 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer