naa a22 4500 510795765 CHVBK 20180411083336.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11277-011-0473-6 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11277-011-0473-6 Synchronization Analysis for Wireless TWRC Operated with Physical-layer Network Coding [Elektronische Daten] [Shengli Zhang, Soung-Chang Liew, Hui Wang] Physical-layer network coding (PNC) makes use of the additive nature of the electromagnetic waves to apply network coding arithmetic at the physical layer. With PNC, the destructive effect of interference in wireless networks is eliminated and the capacity of networks can be boosted significantly. This paper addresses a key outstanding issue in PNC: synchronization among transmitting nodes. We first investigate the impact of imperfect synchronization in a 3-node network with a straightforward detection scheme. It is shown that with QPSK modulation, PNC on average still yields significantly higher capacity than straightforward network coding when there are synchronization errors. Significantly, this remains to be so even in the extreme case when synchronization is not performed at all. Moving beyond a 3-node network, we propose and investigate a synchronization scheme for PNC in a general chain network. And we argue that if the synchronization errors can be bounded in the 3-node case, they can also be bounded in the general N-node case. Lastly, we present simulation results showing that PNC is robust to synchronization errors. In particular, for the mutual information performance, there is about 2dB loss without phase or symbol synchronization. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC., 2011 Physical-layer network coding nationallicence Wireless networks nationallicence Synchronization nationallicence Zhang Shengli Department of Communication Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China aut Liew Soung-Chang Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China aut Wang Hui Department of Communication Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China aut Wireless Personal Communications Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 68/3(2013-02-01), 637-653 0929-6212 68:3<637 2013 68 11277 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-011-0473-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-011-0473-6 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Zhang Shengli Department of Communication Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liew Soung-Chang Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wang Hui Department of Communication Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Wireless Personal Communications Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 68/3(2013-02-01), 637-653 0929-6212 68:3<637 2013 68 11277 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer