naa a22 4500 510805817 CHVBK 20180411083417.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s12576-013-0262-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s12576-013-0262-y Role of nitric oxide in muscle regeneration following eccentric muscle contractions in rat skeletal muscle [Elektronische Daten] [Tomonobu Sakurai, Osamu Kashimura, Yutaka Kano, Hideki Ohno, Li Ji, Tetsuya Izawa, Thomas Best] We examined the role of nitric oxide (NO) in muscle repair and regeneration following repetitive eccentric contractions (ECC). A standardized exercise protocol was used to create eccentric contraction-induced injury to the left tibialis anterior muscle of 48 male Wistar rats (body wt 250-350g), using a customized isokinetic test device and a bout of 40 ECCs under electrical stimulation. A nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-l-arginine-methyl ester (l-NAME; 35mgkg−1day−1), was included in the diet for half the animals (n=24) beginning 3days prior to the ECC and continuing throughout the experiment, whereas the other half (n=24) received a control diet. ECC/+l-NAME and ECC/−l-NAME were killed after the ECC protocol at 0, 1, 3 and 7days (n=6 on each day). An unexercised contralateral limb with and without l-NAME infusion served as a respective control muscle at each time point. Muscle NO content, skeletal muscle damage, leukocyte infiltration, calpain activity, and MyoD and myogenin expression were assessed. NO has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties, and several possible roles for NO in skeletal muscle damage have been postulated. NO content was greater in the ECC/−l-NAME group at all time points (p<0.05) compared to ECC/+l-NAME. Additionally, significant differences in NO content were observed on day0 (p<0.05), and day3 (p<0.05), ECC/+l-NAME versus ECC/−l-NAME. One day following the bout of ECC, and NO levels were increased in the ECC/−l-NAME group. Three days following ECC, there was greater myofiber damage (measured by β-glucuronidase activity) and leukocyte invasion in the ECC/−l-NAME group as compared to the ECC/+l-NAME group. One day after ECC, calpain activity was significantly increased in ECC/−l-NAME compared with control muscles (p<0.05). On days3 and 7, Myo-D and myogenin gene expression was increased in both groups; however, the degree of regeneration was less in the ECC/+l-NAME-treated animals. These data suggest that NO dynamics have important implications in the regulation of various factors during skeletal muscle regeneration following damaging eccentric muscle contractions. The Physiological Society of Japan and Springer Japan, 2013 Skeletal muscle nationallicence Nitric oxide nationallicence Eccentric muscle contraction nationallicence Regeneration nationallicence Sakurai Tomonobu Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, 099-2493, Hokkaido, Japan aut Kashimura Osamu Faculty of International Agriculture and Food Studies, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan aut Kano Yutaka Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-communications, Tokyo, Japan aut Ohno Hideki Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan aut Ji Li School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA aut Izawa Tetsuya Faculty of Health and Sport Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan aut Best Thomas Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Sports Health and Performance Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA aut The Journal of Physiological Sciences Springer Japan 63/4(2013-07-01), 263-270 1880-6546 63:4<263 2013 63 12576 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12576-013-0262-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12576-013-0262-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Sakurai Tomonobu Faculty of Bio-Industry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, 099-2493, Hokkaido, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kashimura Osamu Faculty of International Agriculture and Food Studies, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kano Yutaka Department of Engineering Science, Bioscience and Technology Program, University of Electro-communications, Tokyo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ohno Hideki Department of Molecular Predictive Medicine and Sport Science, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Ji Li School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Izawa Tetsuya Faculty of Health and Sport Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Best Thomas Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Sports Health and Performance Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- The Journal of Physiological Sciences Springer Japan 63/4(2013-07-01), 263-270 1880-6546 63:4<263 2013 63 12576 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer