naa a22 4500 510806074 CHVBK 20180411083419.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11625-012-0171-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11625-012-0171-7 Environmental comparison of draught animal and tractor power [Elektronische Daten] [Paolo Spugnoli, Riccardo Dainelli] The environmental impacts of moving to different traction power sources have not been well studied in either developing countries or modern agriculture. This study assesses the environmental impact of the transition from animal to tractor power and vice versa. Three different scenarios are analyzed: a developing country context where draught animal power (DAP) is actually in use; a similar context where DAP is replaced by mechanical traction; and a developed country scenario where mechanical traction is replaced by DAP. The impact assessment focuses on global warming (GW) and primary energy consumption (PEC). The DAP system refers to an Indonesian case study where Peranakan Ongole cattle are used for work, together with the production of milk and meat, and fed with two forage-supplying alternatives. The mechanical traction system considers the cases of a two-wheel tractor (2WT) and a rear-wheel-drive tractor (4WT). In the first scenario, assessing DAP impacts for plowing through process subdivision and indirect impacts allocation to co-products, DAP has a consistent advantage regarding energy consumption, while for CO2eq emissions, performance is better only in the case of 2WT. In the second scenario, considering product equivalent systems, substituting DAP with tractor power and maintaining the same DAP livestock farming more than doubles the impact; only with the introduction of modern, specialized livestock farming is a reduction achieved. In the third scenario, replacing mechanical traction with DAP results in a greater than three-fold increase in impact for PEC and more than 17 times increase for GW. Further work on the influence of system definition and the socio-economic background would improve the estimates produced in this study. Springer, 2012 Animal traction nationallicence Machinery nationallicence Energy analysis nationallicence GHG emissions nationallicence Livestock sustainability nationallicence LCA nationallicence Spugnoli Paolo Department of Agricultural and Forestry Economics, Engineering, Sciences and Technologies (DEISTAF), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 15, 50144, Florence, Italy aut Dainelli Riccardo Department of Agricultural and Forestry Economics, Engineering, Sciences and Technologies (DEISTAF), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 15, 50144, Florence, Italy aut Sustainability Science Springer Japan 8/1(2013-01-01), 61-72 1862-4065 8:1<61 2013 8 11625 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-012-0171-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-012-0171-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Spugnoli Paolo Department of Agricultural and Forestry Economics, Engineering, Sciences and Technologies (DEISTAF), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 15, 50144, Florence, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Dainelli Riccardo Department of Agricultural and Forestry Economics, Engineering, Sciences and Technologies (DEISTAF), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 15, 50144, Florence, Italy aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Sustainability Science Springer Japan 8/1(2013-01-01), 61-72 1862-4065 8:1<61 2013 8 11625 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer