naa a22 4500 510808239 CHVBK 20180411083428.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130301xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11548-012-0778-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11548-012-0778-2 Feasibility of touch-less control of operating room lights [Elektronische Daten] [Florian Hartmann, Alexander Schlaefer] Purpose: Today's highly technical operating rooms lead to fairly complex surgical workflows where the surgeon has to interact with a number of devices, including the operating room light. Hence, ideally, the surgeon could direct the light without major disruption of his work. We studied whether a gesture tracking-based control of an automated operating room light is feasible. Methods: So far, there has been little research on control approaches for operating lights. We have implemented an exemplary setup to mimic an automated light controlled by a gesture tracking system. The setup includes a articulated arm to position the light source and an off-the-shelf RGBD camera to detect the user interaction. We assessed the tracking performance using a robot-mounted hand phantom and ran a number of tests with 18 volunteers to evaluate the potential of touch-less light control. Results: All test persons were comfortable with using the gesture-based system and quickly learned how to move a light spot on flat surface. The hand tracking error is direction-dependent and in the range of several centimeters, with a standard deviation of less than 1mm and up to 3.5mm orthogonal and parallel to the finger orientation, respectively. However, the subjects had no problems following even more complex paths with a width of less than 10cm. The average speed was 0.15 m/s, and even initially slow subjects improved over time. Gestures to initiate control can be performed in approximately 2 s. Two-thirds of the subjects considered gesture control to be simple, and a majority considered it to be rather efficient. Conclusions: Implementation of an automated operating room light and touch-less control using an RGBD camera for gesture tracking is feasible. The remaining tracking error does not affect smooth control, and the use of the system is intuitive even for inexperienced users. CARS, 2012 Operating room light nationallicence Gesture tracking nationallicence Interactive control nationallicence Kinect nationallicence Hartmann Florian Medical Robotics Group, Institute for Robotics and Cognitive Systems, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany aut Schlaefer Alexander Medical Robotics Group, Institute for Robotics and Cognitive Systems, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany aut International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery Springer-Verlag 8/2(2013-03-01), 259-268 1861-6410 8:2<259 2013 8 11548 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-012-0778-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-012-0778-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hartmann Florian Medical Robotics Group, Institute for Robotics and Cognitive Systems, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schlaefer Alexander Medical Robotics Group, Institute for Robotics and Cognitive Systems, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery Springer-Verlag 8/2(2013-03-01), 259-268 1861-6410 8:2<259 2013 8 11548 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer