naa a22 4500 510808786 CHVBK 20180411083431.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s12542-013-0168-2 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s12542-013-0168-2 Increasing and decreasing functional area of the dentition (FAD) of Mammuthus primigenius [Elektronische Daten] [Ulrike Anders, Wighart von Koenigswald] The occlusal morphology and continuous molar replacement in elephants provide a very effective functional area for grinding the biomass that is more or less abrasive. Parts of two subsequent molars contribute to the "functional area of the dentition” (FAD). The FAD size, measured in cm², is associated with age and body size. The FAD stage is indicated by the specific teeth contributing to the FAD and represents the individual age. This study concentrates on Mammuthus primigenius and compares the FAD stages, as derived from growth series, with the fossil Elephas antiquus, as well as the extant Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana. During the life history of the taxa studied, the functional area increases simultaneously with an increase in body size, but decreases severely in senile age stages. In some senile individuals, the FAD is only about 20-50% of the mean area of an adult animal. The reduction of the FAD beyond a specific size does not mean an immediate starvation of the animal. The general constitution of the individual and the resources of fat accumulation earlier may support the animal for some time but certainly not over a longer period. Nevertheless, the highly reduced functional area was sufficient to keep the animal alive despite its full adult body mass. A much larger FAD in all adult stages provides the energy requirements needed for all additional life functions including competition and reproduction. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013 Elephantidae nationallicence Dentition nationallicence Growth trajectory nationallicence Tooth wear nationallicence Life history nationallicence Elephantidae nationallicence Bezahnung nationallicence Wachstumskurve nationallicence Zahnabrieb nationallicence Lebensgeschichte nationallicence Anders Ulrike Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany aut von Koenigswald Wighart Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany aut Paläontologische Zeitschrift Springer Berlin Heidelberg 87/4(2013-12-01), 515-527 0031-0220 87:4<515 2013 87 12542 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-013-0168-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-013-0168-2 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Anders Ulrike Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- von Koenigswald Wighart Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115, Bonn, Germany aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Paläontologische Zeitschrift Springer Berlin Heidelberg 87/4(2013-12-01), 515-527 0031-0220 87:4<515 2013 87 12542 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer