naa a22 4500 510819303 CHVBK 20180411083523.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20130601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11814-013-0045-4 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11814-013-0045-4 Esterification of sludge palm oil using trifluoromethanesulfonic acid for preparation of biodiesel fuel [Elektronische Daten] [Adeeb Hayyan, Mohd Hashim, Mohamed Mirghani, Maan Hayyan, Inas AlNashef] Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMSA) was used to reduce the high free fatty acids (FFA) content in sludge palm oil (SPO). The FFA content of SPO was converted to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) via esterification reaction. The treated sludge palm oil was used as a raw material for biodiesel production by transesterification process. Several working parameters were optimized, such as dosage of catalyst, molar ratio, reaction temperature and time. Less than 2% of the FFA content was the targeted value. The results showed that the FFA content of SPO was reduced from 16% to less than 2% using the optimum conditions. The yield of the final product after the alkaline transesterification was 84% with 0.07% FFA and the ester content was 96.7%. All other properties met the international standard specifications for biodiesel quality such as EN 14214 and ASTM D6751. Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers, Seoul, Korea, 2013 Biodiesel nationallicence Esterification nationallicence Free Fatty Acids nationallicence Transesterification nationallicence Sludge Palm Oil nationallicence Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid nationallicence Hayyan Adeeb Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut Hashim Mohd Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut Mirghani Mohamed Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut Hayyan Maan Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut AlNashef Inas Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia aut Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 30/6(2013-06-01), 1229-1234 0256-1115 30:6<1229 2013 30 11814 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-013-0045-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-013-0045-4 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hayyan Adeeb Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hashim Mohd Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mirghani Mohamed Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 50728, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hayyan Maan Department of Chemical Engineering, Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- AlNashef Inas Chemical Engineering Department, King Saud University, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 30/6(2013-06-01), 1229-1234 0256-1115 30:6<1229 2013 30 11814 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer