naa a22 4500 510819958 CHVBK 20180411083526.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180411e20131201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11814-013-0162-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11814-013-0162-0 Characterization of crystalline cellulose in biomass: Basic principles, applications, and limitations of XRD, NMR, IR, Raman, and SFG [Elektronische Daten] [Seong Kim, Christopher Lee, Kabindra Kafle] Cellulose is among the most important and abundant biopolymers in biosphere. It is the main structural component of a vast number of plants that carries vital functions for plant growth. Cellulose-based materials have been used in a variety of human activities ranging from papers and fabrics to engineering applications including production of biofuels. However, our understanding of the cellulose structure in its native form is quite limited because the current experimental methods often require separation or purification processes and provide only partial information of the cellulose structure. This paper aims at providing a brief background of the cellulose structure and reviewing the basic principles, capabilities and limitations of the cellulose characterization methods that are widely used by engineers dealing with biomass. The analytical techniques covered in this paper include x-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, and vibrational spectroscopy (infrared, Raman, and sum-frequency-generation). The scope of the paper is restricted to the application of these techniques to the structural analysis of cellulose. Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers, Seoul, Korea, 2013 Cellulose nationallicence Biomass nationallicence XRD nationallicence NMR nationallicence IR nationallicence Raman nationallicence SFG nationallicence Kim Seong Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, PA, USA aut Lee Christopher Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, PA, USA aut Kafle Kabindra Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, PA, USA aut Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 30/12(2013-12-01), 2127-2141 0256-1115 30:12<2127 2013 30 11814 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-013-0162-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-013-0162-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kim Seong Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Lee Christopher Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kafle Kabindra Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, 16802, University Park, PA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 30/12(2013-12-01), 2127-2141 0256-1115 30:12<2127 2013 30 11814 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer