naa a22 4500 528783378 20180924065515.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180924e20160623xx s 000 0 eng 10.3929/ethz-b-000118133 doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0157783 doi (ETHRESEARCH)oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/118133 De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of the Common New Zealand Stick Insect Clitarchus hookeri (Phasmatodea) Reveals Genes Involved in Olfaction, Digestion and Sexual Reproduction [Elektronische Daten] [Chen Wu, Ross N. Crowhurst, Alice B. Dennis, Victoria G. Twort, Shanlin Liu, Richard D. Newcomb, Howard A. Ross, Thomas R. Buckley] PLoS ONE Open access ethresearch Phasmatodea, more commonly known as stick insects, have been poorly studied at the molecular level for several key traits, such as components of the sensory system and regulators of reproduction and development, impeding a deeper understanding of their functional biology. Here, we employ de novo transcriptome analysis to identify genes with primary functions related to female odour reception, digestion, and male sexual traits in the New Zealand common stick insect Clitarchus hookeri (White). The female olfactory gene repertoire revealed ten odorant binding proteins with three recently duplicated, 12 chemosensory proteins, 16 odorant receptors, and 17 ionotropic receptors. The majority of these olfactory genes were over-expressed in female antennae and have the inferred function of odorant reception. Others that were predominantly expressed in male terminalia (n = 3) and female midgut (n = 1) suggest they have a role in sexual reproduction and digestion, respectively. Over-represented transcripts in the midgut were enriched with digestive enzyme gene families. Clitarchus hookeri is likely to harbour nine members of an endogenous cellulase family (glycoside hydrolase family 9), two of which appear to be specific to the C. hookeri lineage. All of these cellulase sequences fall into four main phasmid clades and show gene duplication events occurred early in the diversification of Phasmatodea. In addition, C. hookeri genome is likely to express γ-proteobacteria pectinase transcripts that have recently been shown to be the result of horizontal transfer. We also predicted 711 male terminalia-enriched transcripts that are candidate accessory gland proteins, 28 of which were annotated to have molecular functions of peptidase activity and peptidase inhibitor activity, two groups being widely reported to regulate female reproduction through proteolytic cascades. Our study has yielded new insights into the genetic basis of odour detection, nutrient digestion, and male sexual traits in stick insects. The C. hookeri reference transcriptome, together with identified gene families, provides a comprehensive resource for studying the evolution of sensory perception, digestive systems, and reproductive success in phasmids. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 ethresearch Wu Chen joint author Crowhurst Ross N. joint author Dennis Alice B. joint author Twort Victoria G. joint author Liu Shanlin joint author Newcomb Richard D. joint author Ross Howard A. joint author Buckley Thomas R. joint author PLoS ONE San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science 11 (6), p. e0157783 1932-6203 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/118133 text/html WWW-Backlink auf das Repository (Open access) 1 Journal Article ethresearch ETHRESEARCH 856 40 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/118133 text/html WWW-Backlink auf das Repository (Open access) ETHRESEARCH 700 1- Wu Chen joint author ETHRESEARCH 700 1- Crowhurst Ross N. joint author ETHRESEARCH 700 1- Dennis Alice B. joint author ETHRESEARCH 700 1- Twort Victoria G. joint author ETHRESEARCH 700 1- Liu Shanlin joint author ETHRESEARCH 700 1- Newcomb Richard D. joint author ETHRESEARCH 700 1- Ross Howard A. joint author ETHRESEARCH 700 1- Buckley Thomas R. joint author ETHRESEARCH 773 0- PLoS ONE San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science 11 (6), p. e0157783 1932-6203 BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 ETHRESEARCH ETHRESEARCH ETHRESEARCH Journal Article Open access