caa a22 4500 528785559 20181217030312.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180924e201208 xx s 000 0 eng 10.3929/ethz-b-000055258 doi 10.1038/srep00611 doi (ETHRESEARCH)oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/55258 Transition in the Equilibrium Distribution Function of Relativistic Particles [Elektronische Daten] [Miller Mendoza, Nuno A.M. Araújo, Sauro Succi, Hans J. Herrmann] Sci Rep Open access ethresearch We analyze a transition from single peaked to bimodal velocity distribution in a relativistic fluid under increasing temperature, in contrast with a non-relativistic gas, where only a monotonic broadening of the bell-shaped distribution is observed. Such transition results from the interplay between the raise in thermal energy and the constraint of maximum velocity imposed by the speed of light. We study the Bose-Einstein, the Fermi-Dirac, and the Maxwell-Jüttner distributions, and show that they all exhibit the same qualitative behavior. We characterize the nature of the transition in the framework of critical phenomena and show that it is either continuous or discontinuous, depending on the group velocity. We analyze the transition in one, two, and three dimensions, with special emphasis on twodimensions, for which a possible experiment in graphene, based on the measurement of the Johnson-Nyquist noise, is proposed. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0 ethresearch Statistical physics, thermodynamics and nonlinear dynamics ethresearch Plasma physics ethresearch Carbon nanotubes and fullerenes ethresearch Astronomy and astrophysics ethresearch Mendoza Miller joint author Araújo Nuno A.M. joint author Succi Sauro joint author Herrmann Hans J. joint author Scientific Reports London : Nature Publishing Group 2, p. 611 2045-2322 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/55258 text/html WWW-Backlink auf das Repository (Open access) 1 Journal Article ethresearch ETHRESEARCH 856 40 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/55258 text/html WWW-Backlink auf das Repository (Open access) ETHRESEARCH 700 1- Mendoza Miller joint author ETHRESEARCH 700 1- Araújo Nuno A.M. joint author ETHRESEARCH 700 1- Succi Sauro joint author ETHRESEARCH 700 1- Herrmann Hans J. joint author ETHRESEARCH 773 0- Scientific Reports London : Nature Publishing Group 2, p. 611 2045-2322 BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 ETHRESEARCH ETHRESEARCH ETHRESEARCH Journal Article Open access