caa a22 4500 528786318 20181217030315.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180924e20130319xx s 000 0 eng 10.3929/ethz-b-000065141 doi 10.1038/srep01480 doi (ETHRESEARCH)oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/65141 Grund Thomas How Natural Selection Can Create Both Self- and Other-Regarding Preferences, and Networked Minds [Elektronische Daten] [Thomas Grund, Christian Waloszek, Dirk Helbing] Sci Rep Open access ethresearch Biological competition is widely believed to result in the evolution of selfish preferences. The related concept of the ‘homo economicus' is at the core of mainstream economics. However, there is also experimental and empirical evidence for other-regarding preferences. Here we present a theory that explains both, self-regarding and other-regarding preferences. Assuming conditions promoting non-cooperative behaviour, we demonstrate that intergenerational migration determines whether evolutionary competition results in a ‘homo economicus' (showing self-regarding preferences) or a ‘homo socialis' (having other-regarding preferences). Our model assumes spatially interacting agents playing prisoner's dilemmas, who inherit a trait determining ‘friendliness', but mutations tend to undermine it. Reproduction is ruled by fitness-based selection without a cultural modification of reproduction rates. Our model calls for a complementary economic theory for ‘networked minds' (the ‘homo socialis') and lays the foundations for an evolutionarily grounded theory of other-regarding agents, explaining individually different utility functions as well as conditional cooperation. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0 ethresearch Social evolution ethresearch Social anthropology ethresearch Cultural evolution ethresearch Coevolution ethresearch Waloszek Christian joint author Helbing Dirk joint author Scientific Reports London : Nature Publishing Group 3, p. 1480 2045-2322 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/65141 text/html WWW-Backlink auf das Repository (Open access) 1 Journal Article ethresearch ETHRESEARCH 856 40 http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/65141 text/html WWW-Backlink auf das Repository (Open access) ETHRESEARCH 100 1- Grund Thomas ETHRESEARCH 700 1- Waloszek Christian joint author ETHRESEARCH 700 1- Helbing Dirk joint author ETHRESEARCH 773 0- Scientific Reports London : Nature Publishing Group 3, p. 1480 2045-2322 BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 ETHRESEARCH ETHRESEARCH ETHRESEARCH Journal Article Open access