caa a22 4500 528788175 CHVBK 20181113035200.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180924e201811 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.08.015 doi (SERVAL)BIB_F2A3AE952B9F 30138710 pmid 000448205100044 isiid Genomics and evolution of Pneumocystis species [Elektronische Daten] [O.H. Cissé, P.M. Hauser] The genus Pneumocystis comprises highly diversified fungal species that cause severe pneumonia in individuals with a deficient immune system. These fungi infect exclusively mammals and present a strict host species specificity. These species have co-diverged with their hosts for long periods of time (&gt; 100 MYA). Details of their biology and evolution are fragmentary mainly because of a lack of an established long-term culture system. Recent genomic advances have unlocked new areas of research and allow new hypotheses to be tested. We review here new findings of the genomic studies in relation with the evolutionary trajectory of these fungi and discuss the impact of genomic data analysis in the context of the population genetics. The combination of slow genome decay and limited expansion of specific gene families and introns reflect intimate interactions of these species with their hosts. The evolutionary adaptation of these organisms is profoundly influenced by their population structure, which in turn is determined by intrinsic features such as their self-fertilizing mating system, high host specificity, long generation times, and transmission mode. Essential key questions concerning their adaptation and speciation remain to be answered. The next cornerstone will consist in the establishment of a long-term culture system and genetic manipulation that should allow unravelling the driving forces of Pneumocystis species evolution. Cissé O.H. aut Hauser P.M. aut Infection, genetics and evolution 65(2018-11), 308-320 65<308-320 2018 65 1 article serval SERVAL 700 1- Cissé O.H. aut SERVAL 700 1- Hauser P.M. aut SERVAL 773 0- Infection, genetics and evolution 65(2018-11), 308-320 65<308-320 2018 65 BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 SERVAL SERVAL SERVAL article