naa a22 4500 528959670 CHVBK 20180926082331.0 cr unu---uuuuu 180926e201809 xx s 000 0 eng 10.1177/1352458517722646 doi (SERVAL)BIB_FD2BEB7A97DB 28731372 pmid 000442395000006 isiid Exploring the effect of vitamin D₃ supplementation on the anti-EBV antibody response in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis [Elektronische Daten] [L. Rolf, A.H. Muris, A. Mathias, R. Du Pasquier, I. Koneczny, G. Disanto, J. Kuhle, S. Ramagopalan, J. Damoiseaux, J. Smolders, R. Hupperts] Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and vitamin D insufficiency are potentially interacting risk factors for multiple sclerosis (MS). To investigate the effect of high-dose vitamin D &lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; supplements on antibody levels against the EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and to explore any underlying mechanism affecting anti-EBNA-1 antibody levels. This study utilized blood samples from a randomized controlled trial in RRMS patients receiving either vitamin D &lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (14,000 IU/day; n = 30) or placebo ( n = 23) over 48 weeks. Circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D, and anti-EBNA-1, anti-EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA), and anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies were measured. EBV load in leukocytes, EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cell responses, and anti-EBNA-1 antibody production in vitro were also explored. The median antibody levels against EBNA-1, but not VCA and CMV, significantly reduced in the vitamin D &lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; group (526 (368-1683) to 455 (380-1148) U/mL) compared to the placebo group (432 (351-1280) to 429 (297-1290) U/mL; p = 0.023). EBV load and cytotoxic T-cell responses were unaffected. Anti-EBNA-1 antibody levels remained below detection limits in B-cell cultures. High-dose vitamin D &lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; supplementation selectively reduces anti-EBNA-1 antibody levels in RRMS patients. Our exploratory studies do not implicate a promoted immune response against EBV as the underlying mechanism. Rolf L. aut Muris A.H. aut Mathias A. aut Du Pasquier R. aut Koneczny I. aut Disanto G. aut Kuhle J. aut Ramagopalan S. aut Damoiseaux J. aut Smolders J. aut Hupperts R. aut Multiple sclerosis 24/10(2018-09), 1280-1287 24:10<1280-1287 2018 24 1 article serval SERVAL 700 1- Rolf L. aut SERVAL 700 1- Muris A.H. aut SERVAL 700 1- Mathias A. aut SERVAL 700 1- Du Pasquier R. aut SERVAL 700 1- Koneczny I. aut SERVAL 700 1- Disanto G. aut SERVAL 700 1- Kuhle J. aut SERVAL 700 1- Ramagopalan S. aut SERVAL 700 1- Damoiseaux J. aut SERVAL 700 1- Smolders J. aut SERVAL 700 1- Hupperts R. aut SERVAL 773 0- Multiple sclerosis 24/10(2018-09), 1280-1287 24:10<1280-1287 2018 24 BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 SERVAL SERVAL SERVAL article