cam a22 7 4500 551377720 CHVBK 20201114034245.0 m d cr |n |||||||| 150605s2016 enka sb 001 0 eng d 2015943256 978-0-19-875763-4 (hardcover) 0-19-875763-8 (hardcover) 978-0-19-880160-3 (paperback) (SERSOL)ssj0001667564 (WaSeSS)ssj0001667564 BTCTA eng BTCTA BDX YDXCP OCLCO OCLCQ STF S3O OCLCO OCLCF GZN EUW OCLCO CBY INU DLC WaSeSS rda Q127.E8 G375 2016 509.409033 23/swe Gaukroger Stephen author The natural and the human science and the shaping of modernity, 1739-1841 / Stephen Gaukroger First edition. Oxford Oxford University Press 2016 1 online resource (viii, 402 pages) illustrations text txt rdacontent/eng still image sti rdacontent/eng computer c rdamedia/eng online resource cr rdacarrier/eng Includes bibliographical references (pages 353-393) and index. Introduction. PART I. 1 The dichotomies of understanding : The place of reason -- Systematic knowledge -- Reason and sensibility -- The challenge to reason -- The limits of certainty -- The anatomy of reason. 2 Rethinking the nature of matter : The reaction to mechanism -- Chemical composition -- Chemical "elements" -- Vital forces -- The unity of force -- Naturalization. PART II. 3 Anthropological medicine : The idea of an anthropological medicine -- Matter and sensitivity -- Médecins philosophes -- Social medicine -- The demise of sensibility. 4 Philosophical anthropology : Metaphysics and psychology -- Language and art -- The shaping of experience -- The legitimacy of anthropological explanation. 5 The natural history of man : The problem of classification -- Anthropology and natural history -- Comparative anatomy -- Comparative geography -- Comparative history. 6 Social arithmetic : The Fable of the Bees -- The naturalization of morality -- The quantification of everyday life -- The average man. PART III. 7 The naturalization of religion : The limits of reason -- The historicization of Christianity -- The evolution of religions -- Aesthetic humanism and the cultivation of the self. Conclusion. Bibliography of works cited -- Index. Lizenzbedingungen können den Zugang einschränken. License restrictions may limit access. Stephen Gaukroger presents an original account of the development of empirical science and the understanding of human behavior from the mid-eighteenth century. Since the seventeenth century, science in the west has undergone a unique form of cumulative development in which it has been consolidated through integration into and shaping of a culture. But in the eighteenth century, science was cut loose from the legitimating culture in which it had found a public rationale as a fruitful and worthwhile form of inquiry. What kept it afloat between the middle of the eighteenth and middle of the nineteenth centuries, when its legitimacy began to hinge on an intimate link with technology? The answer lies in large part in an abrupt but fundamental shift in how the tasks of scientific inquiry were conceived, from the natural realm to the human realm. At the core of this development lies the naturalization of the human, that is, attempts to understand human behavior and motivations no longer in theological and metaphysical terms, but in empirical terms. one of the most striking features of this development is the variety of forms it took, and the book explores anthropological medicine, philosophical anthropology, the "natural history of man," and social arithmetic. Each of these disciplines re-formulated basic questions so that empirical investigation could be drawn upon in answering them, but the empirical dimension was conceived very differently in each case, with the result that the naturalization of the human took the form of competing, and in some respects mutually exclusive, projects.-- 1700-1799 fast 1700-talet sao 1800-talet sao Science Europe History 18th century Science history Natural History history Behavior Science (OCoLC)fst01108176 fast Religion och vetenskap sao Filosofi och naturvetenskap sao Vetenskap historia sao Europe (OCoLC)fst01245064 fast History fast (OCoLC)fst01411628 https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/browse?t=OSO:philosophy Uni Basel: Volltext https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198757634.001.0001/acprof-9780198757634 Uni Bern: Volltext BK020053 XK020053 XK020000 Oxford Scholarship Online Philosophy Collection 2015-2016 E-Books von 360MarcUpdates Oxford Scholarship Online IDSBB A145 A145 145VT IDSBB B405 B405 405VT NELB4052004 IDSBB 100 1- Gaukroger Stephen author IDSBB 856 40 https://www.oxfordscholarship.com/browse?t=OSO:philosophy Uni Basel: Volltext IDSBB 856 40 https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198757634.001.0001/acprof-9780198757634 Uni Bern: Volltext SWISSBIB 361231202