caa a22 4500 605447020 CHVBK 20210128100130.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s11042-014-2125-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s11042-014-2125-9 A framework for automatic and perceptually valid facial expression generation [Elektronische Daten] [Hui Yu, Oliver Garrod, Rachael Jack, Philippe Schyns] Facial expressions are facial movements reflecting the internal emotional states of a character or in response to social communications. Realistic facial animation should consider at least two factors: believable visual effect and valid facial movements. However, most research tends to separate these two issues. In this paper, we present a framework for generating 3D facial expressions considering both the visual the dynamics effect. A facial expression mapping approach based on local geometry encoding is proposed, which encodes deformation in the 1-ring vector. This method is capable of mapping subtle facial movements without considering those shape and topological constraints. Facial expression mapping is achieved through three steps: correspondence establishment, deviation transfer and movement mapping. Deviation is transferred to the conformal face space through minimizing the error function. This function is formed by the source neutral and the deformed face model related by those transformation matrices in 1-ring neighborhood. The transformation matrix in 1-ring neighborhood is independent of the face shape and the mesh topology. After the facial expression mapping, dynamic parameters are then integrated with facial expressions for generating valid facial expressions. The dynamic parameters were generated based on psychophysical methods. The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed methods have been tested using various face models with different shapes and topological representations. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2014 Facial expression mapping nationallicence Facial animation nationallicence FACS nationallicence Psychophysical nationallicence Perceptually valid nationallicence Face dynamics nationallicence Yu Hui University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK aut Garrod Oliver University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK aut Jack Rachael University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK aut Schyns Philippe University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK aut Multimedia Tools and Applications Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 74/21(2015-11-01), 9427-9447 1380-7501 74:21<9427 2015 74 11042 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2125-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2125-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yu Hui University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Garrod Oliver University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Jack Rachael University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Schyns Philippe University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Multimedia Tools and Applications Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 74/21(2015-11-01), 9427-9447 1380-7501 74:21<9427 2015 74 11042