The Elusive Archaeology of Kongo Urbanism: the Case of Kindoki, Mbanza Nsundi (Lower Congo, DRC)
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| 024 | 7 | 0 | |a 10.1007/s10437-015-9199-2 |2 doi |
| 035 | |a (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10437-015-9199-2 | ||
| 245 | 0 | 4 | |a The Elusive Archaeology of Kongo Urbanism: the Case of Kindoki, Mbanza Nsundi (Lower Congo, DRC) |h [Elektronische Daten] |c [Bernard Clist, Els Cranshof, Gilles-Maurice de Schryver, Davy Herremans, Karlis Karklins, Igor Matonda, Caroline Polet, Amanda Sengeløv, Fanny Steyaert, Charlotte Verhaeghe, Koen Bostoen] |
| 520 | 3 | |a We present results, analyses, and an in-depth historical contextualization of the fieldwork undertaken in 2012 and 2013 at the Kindoki site in the Lower Congo (DRC). This site is linked to Mbanza Nsundi, one of the Kongo Kingdom's provincial capitals, which turns out to be archaeologically ‘elusive'. Pinpointing its location proved to be particularly challenging. To this end, a historically informed survey methodology was applied that has rarely been implemented on such a scale in Central Africa before. We combined a strategy of systematic test pits with a large-scale 50-m grid approach. A cemetery was identified on Kindoki Hill with distinct but probably contemporaneous quarters of a sixteenth-seventeenth-century settlement on both sides. The cemetery itself contains mainly eighteenth-century burials, in all likelihood of successive high-ranking Nsundi nobles, perhaps even of Nsundi rulers. The foreign, especially Portuguese, ceramics excavated on the hilltop and the hundreds of Venetian and likely Bavarian beads found in the graves are indicative of Mbanza Nsundi's connection to trade routes linking the Atlantic coast with the Pool region. The most striking discovery is that of a previously unknown type of comb-impressed pottery, from a pit with a calibrated radiocarbon date of AD 1294-1393 (at 2 sigma). This suggests that a settlement had been developing at Kindoki since at least the fourteenth century, which allows us, for the first time, to spatially bridge Kongo history and "prehistory.” For the entire Lower Congo region, only three 14C dates posterior to AD 1000 were available before the start of our project; 12 have been added for just Kindoki. | |
| 540 | |a Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2015 | ||
| 690 | 7 | |a Central Africa |2 nationallicence | |
| 690 | 7 | |a Kongo Kingdom |2 nationallicence | |
| 690 | 7 | |a Urban archaeology |2 nationallicence | |
| 690 | 7 | |a Cemetery |2 nationallicence | |
| 690 | 7 | |a Pottery |2 nationallicence | |
| 690 | 7 | |a Swords |2 nationallicence | |
| 690 | 7 | |a Beads |2 nationallicence | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Clist |D Bernard |u KongoKing Research Group, Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Cranshof |D Els |u KongoKing Research Group, Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a de Schryver |D Gilles-Maurice |u KongoKing Research Group, Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Herremans |D Davy |u Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Karklins |D Karlis |u Society of Bead Researchers, Ottawa, Canada |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Matonda |D Igor |u KongoKing Research Group, Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Polet |D Caroline |u Department of Palaeontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Sengeløv |D Amanda |u Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Steyaert |D Fanny |u Cabinet des Médailles, Bibliothèque royale de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Verhaeghe |D Charlotte |u Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Bostoen |D Koen |u KongoKing Research Group, Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | |
| 773 | 0 | |t African Archaeological Review |d Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com |g 32/3(2015-09-01), 369-412 |x 0263-0338 |q 32:3<369 |1 2015 |2 32 |o 10437 | |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-015-9199-2 |q text/html |z Onlinezugriff via DOI |
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| 900 | 7 | |a Metadata rights reserved |b Springer special CC-BY-NC licence |2 nationallicence | |
| 908 | |D 1 |a research-article |2 jats | ||
| 949 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |F NATIONALLICENCE |b NL-springer | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 856 |E 40 |u https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-015-9199-2 |q text/html |z Onlinezugriff via DOI | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 700 |E 1- |a Clist |D Bernard |u KongoKing Research Group, Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 700 |E 1- |a Cranshof |D Els |u KongoKing Research Group, Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 700 |E 1- |a de Schryver |D Gilles-Maurice |u KongoKing Research Group, Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 700 |E 1- |a Herremans |D Davy |u Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 700 |E 1- |a Karklins |D Karlis |u Society of Bead Researchers, Ottawa, Canada |4 aut | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 700 |E 1- |a Matonda |D Igor |u KongoKing Research Group, Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 700 |E 1- |a Polet |D Caroline |u Department of Palaeontology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium |4 aut | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 700 |E 1- |a Sengeløv |D Amanda |u Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 700 |E 1- |a Steyaert |D Fanny |u Cabinet des Médailles, Bibliothèque royale de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium |4 aut | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 700 |E 1- |a Verhaeghe |D Charlotte |u Department of Archaeology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 700 |E 1- |a Bostoen |D Koen |u KongoKing Research Group, Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Rozier 44, 9000, Ghent, Belgium |4 aut | ||
| 950 | |B NATIONALLICENCE |P 773 |E 0- |t African Archaeological Review |d Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com |g 32/3(2015-09-01), 369-412 |x 0263-0338 |q 32:3<369 |1 2015 |2 32 |o 10437 | ||