caa a22 4500 605448752 CHVBK 20210128100138.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10437-015-9210-y doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10437-015-9210-y Late Holocene Stalagmite and Tufa Climate Records for Wonderwerk Cave: Relationships Between Archaeology and Climate in Southern Africa [Elektronische Daten] [George Brook, L. Railsback, Louis Scott, Ny Voarintsoa, Fuyuan Liang] Horizontal cores from a large stalagmite and two tufa deposits in the entrance to Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa, dated by radiocarbon methods, have provided climate proxy data on late Holocene environments near the cave. The δ18O and δ13C time series from stalagmite Core WW1-3 and tufa Core WW3 correlate well with isotope records for other sites in the summer rainfall zone of southern Africa and suggest that late Holocene warm periods in the Northern Hemisphere, including the Medieval Warm period, Roman Warm period, and Minoan Warm period, were times of increased moisture in this rainfall zone. In contrast, late Holocene cold intervals in the Northern Hemisphere, including the Dark Ages Cold period and Sub-Atlantic Cold period, were times of drier climate in the summer rainfall zone. Comparison of the Wonderwerk records with information on human settlement patterns, agricultural expansion or decline, and population growth or decline, shows that growth occurred preferentially during wetter climate periods and declines, including the abandonment of the important town of Mupungubwe in the Shashe-Limpopo area of northeast South Africa and the fall of Great Zimbabwe, which occurred during periods of low precipitation. Springer Science+Business Media New York, 2015 Stalagmite nationallicence Tufa nationallicence Climate change nationallicence Archaeology nationallicence Isotopes nationallicence Cave nationallicence Brook George Department of Geography, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA aut Railsback L. Department of Geology, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA aut Scott Louis Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, 9301, Bloemfontein, South Africa aut Voarintsoa Ny Department of Geology, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA aut Liang Fuyuan Department of Geography, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, 61455, Macomb, IL, USA aut African Archaeological Review Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 32/4(2015-12-01), 669-700 0263-0338 32:4<669 2015 32 10437 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-015-9210-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-015-9210-y text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Brook George Department of Geography, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Railsback L. Department of Geology, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Scott Louis Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, 9301, Bloemfontein, South Africa aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Voarintsoa Ny Department of Geology, University of Georgia, 30602, Athens, GA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Liang Fuyuan Department of Geography, Western Illinois University, 1 University Circle, 61455, Macomb, IL, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- African Archaeological Review Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 32/4(2015-12-01), 669-700 0263-0338 32:4<669 2015 32 10437