caa a22 4500 605448906 CHVBK 20210128100139.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10437-015-9185-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10437-015-9185-8 Lakeside View: Sociocultural Responses to Changing Water Levels of Lake Turkana, Kenya [Elektronische Daten] [David Wright, Steven Forman, Purity Kiura, Christopher Bloszies, Amanuel Beyin] Throughout the Holocene, Lake Turkana has been subject to drastic changes in lake levels and the subsistence strategies people employ to survive in this hot and arid region. In this paper, we reconstruct the position of the lake during the Holocene within a paleoclimatic context. Atmospheric forcing mechanisms are discussed in order to contextualize the broader landscape changes occurring in eastern Africa over the last 12,000years. The Holocene is divided into five primary phases according to changes in the strand-plain evolution, paleoclimate, and human subsistence strategies practiced within the basin. Early Holocene fishing settlements occurred adjacent to high and relatively stable lake levels. A period of high-magnitude oscillations in lake levels ensued after 9,000years BP and human settlements appear to have been located close to the margins of the lake. Aridification and a final regression in lake levels ensued after 5,000years BP and human communities were generalized pastoralists-fishers-foragers. During the Late Holocene, lake levels may have dropped below their present position and subsistence strategies appear to have been flexible and occasionally specialized on animal pastoralism. Modern missionary and government outposts have encouraged the construction of permanent settlements in the region, which are heavily dependent on outside resources for their survival. Changes in the physical and cultural environments of the Lake Turkana region have been closely correlated, and understanding the relationship between the two variables remains a vital component of archaeological research. The Author(s), 2015 Lake Turkana nationallicence Holocene nationallicence Paleoclimatic reconstruction nationallicence Environmental archaeology nationallicence Agriculture nationallicence Pastoralism nationallicence Wright David Department of Archaeology and Art History, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, 151-742, Seoul, South Korea aut Forman Steven Department of Geology, Baylor University, 76790, Waco, TX, USA aut Kiura Purity Archaeology Section, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya aut Bloszies Christopher Lettis Consultants International, 1981 N. Broadway, Suite 330, 94596, Walnut Creek, CA, USA aut Beyin Amanuel Department of Anthropology, University of Louisville, Lutz Hall Room 228, 40292, Louisville, KY, USA aut African Archaeological Review Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 32/2(2015-06-01), 335-367 0263-0338 32:2<335 2015 32 10437 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-015-9185-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-015-9185-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wright David Department of Archaeology and Art History, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, 151-742, Seoul, South Korea aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Forman Steven Department of Geology, Baylor University, 76790, Waco, TX, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kiura Purity Archaeology Section, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bloszies Christopher Lettis Consultants International, 1981 N. Broadway, Suite 330, 94596, Walnut Creek, CA, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Beyin Amanuel Department of Anthropology, University of Louisville, Lutz Hall Room 228, 40292, Louisville, KY, USA aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- African Archaeological Review Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com 32/2(2015-06-01), 335-367 0263-0338 32:2<335 2015 32 10437