caa a22 4500 60545437X CHVBK 20210128100206.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151101xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10064-015-0719-8 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10064-015-0719-8 Geotechnical study of marble, schist, and granite as dimension stone: a case study from parts of Lesser Himalaya, Neelum Valley Area, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan [Elektronische Daten] [Sohail Mustafa, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Khan, Fahad Hameed, Muhammad Mughal, Aamir Asghar, Abrar Niaz] Extensive production of concrete and bricks has reduced the use of stone masonry in construction. The overwhelming use of artificial material, especially concrete, has led to many environmental issues. Use of dimension stone is almost non-existent in general construction. Nonetheless, it is still widely adopted in foundations, facings, dams, coastal defenses, and retaining and water containment structures. For the possible rational replacement of artificial materials, marble, schist, and granite were selected for evaluation as dimension stones. Important properties influencing the behaviour of construction material, such as compressive strength, tensile strength, durability, water absorption, and petrography, were investigated on selected rocks. The results were correlated with standard specifications of ASTM, ISO 14689-1 (Geotechnical investigation and testing. Identification and classification of rock. Part 1: Identification and description 1-16, 2003) and Gamble durability index (1971). Regional faults, Main Boundary Thrust, and Panjal Thrust, present in the area influence the characteristics of rocks adversely. Granite has a lower compressive strength than the ASTM specification so it should be avoided for load-bearing masonry units and external pavements. Granites and marbles have a higher degree of water absorption. All three rock units have a very high degree of polish, so their use as decorative stone, especially as internal flooring and at internal walls, is highly recommended. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2015 Dimension stone nationallicence Physical and mechanical properties nationallicence Lesser Himalaya nationallicence Neelum Valley area nationallicence Petrography nationallicence Mustafa Sohail Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, P.O Box 13100, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan aut Khan Muhammad Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, P.O Box 13100, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan aut Hameed Fahad Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, P.O Box 13100, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan aut Mughal Muhammad Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, P.O Box 13100, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan aut Asghar Aamir Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, P.O Box 13100, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan aut Niaz Abrar Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, P.O Box 13100, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan aut Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Springer Berlin Heidelberg 74/4(2015-11-01), 1475-1487 1435-9529 74:4<1475 2015 74 10064 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-015-0719-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-015-0719-8 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mustafa Sohail Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, P.O Box 13100, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Khan Muhammad Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, P.O Box 13100, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hameed Fahad Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, P.O Box 13100, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mughal Muhammad Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, P.O Box 13100, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Asghar Aamir Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, P.O Box 13100, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Niaz Abrar Institute of Geology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, P.O Box 13100, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Springer Berlin Heidelberg 74/4(2015-11-01), 1475-1487 1435-9529 74:4<1475 2015 74 10064