caa a22 4500 605455511 CHVBK 20210128100212.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150801xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10872-015-0303-7 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10872-015-0303-7 Formation of the well-mixed homogeneous layer in the bottom water of the Japan Sea [Elektronische Daten] [Takeshi Matsuno, Takahiro Endoh, Toshiyuki Hibiya, Tomoharu Senjyu, Michio Watanabe] The deep and bottom waters of the Japan Sea (depth ≳ 1000m) are characterized by low temperature and weak stratification. In the Japan Basin, especially, the bottom water (depth ≳ 2500m), called the Japan Sea bottom water (JSBW), with a thickness of over 1000m, is mostly homogeneous. Several studies in recent decades have suggested that the potential temperature of the JSBW is gradually increasing, even though the thick homogeneous vertical structure is being maintained. Although downward mixing of heat from the upper layer was believed to be responsible for this characteristic feature, our microstructure measurements found that the intensity of turbulence in the JSBW is too weak to explain the formation of the gradually warming thick homogeneous layer. By use of a one-dimensional numerical model we demonstrated that this characteristic feature of the JSBW can be reasonably explained on the basis of a combination of geothermal heating from the seabed and an appropriate horizontal supply of cold water to the bottom layer. The Oceanographic Society of Japan and Springer Japan, 2015 Japan Sea bottom water (JSBW) nationallicence Turbulence measurements nationallicence Geothermal heat nationallicence Well-mixed bottom layer nationallicence Matsuno Takeshi Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-kohen, 816-8580, Kasuga, Japan aut Endoh Takahiro Ocean Alliance, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan aut Hibiya Toshiyuki Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan aut Senjyu Tomoharu Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-kohen, 816-8580, Kasuga, Japan aut Watanabe Michio Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan aut Journal of Oceanography Springer Japan 71/4(2015-08-01), 441-447 0916-8370 71:4<441 2015 71 10872 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-015-0303-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-015-0303-7 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Matsuno Takeshi Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-kohen, 816-8580, Kasuga, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Endoh Takahiro Ocean Alliance, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hibiya Toshiyuki Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Senjyu Tomoharu Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-kohen, 816-8580, Kasuga, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Watanabe Michio Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Oceanography Springer Japan 71/4(2015-08-01), 441-447 0916-8370 71:4<441 2015 71 10872