caa a22 4500 605455538 CHVBK 20210128100213.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20151001xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10872-014-0266-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10872-014-0266-0 Marine atmospheric boundary layer and low-level cloud responses to the Kuroshio Extension front in the early summer of 2012: three-vessel simultaneous observations and numerical simulations [Elektronische Daten] [Yoshimi Kawai, Toru Miyama, Satoshi Iizuka, Atsuyoshi Manda, Mayumi Yoshioka, Shuichiro Katagiri, Yoshihiro Tachibana, Hisashi Nakamura] Intensive atmospheric observations were carried out with five research vessels in total across the sea surface temperature (SST) front along the Kuroshio Extension in the early summer of 2012, to identify the effects of the front on the thermal structure and cloud formation in the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL). Three of the vessels were aligned together along the 143°E meridian with latitudinal separation of as small as 30′ or 45′, going back and forth across the SST front for in situ observations during 2-6 July. The SST front was quite sharp and moved northward by about 50km in 3days, which was not well represented in objectively analyzed SST data sets. The observations captured rapid changes of the mesoscale MABL structure across the SST front, which were particularly evident in cloud base height and downward longwave radiation (DLR) at the surface. The higher base of low-level clouds observed over the warmer water resulted from stronger turbulent mixing in the MABL, which became prominent under the northerlies. The most frequently measured DLR value was greater by 20Wm−2 to the south of the SST front than to the north. High-resolution atmospheric model experiments conducted with and without the frontal SST gradient have confirmed its critical importance for the MABL structure and low-level clouds. These imprints of the SST front simulated in the models are sensitive to SST data assigned at the lower boundary of the model. The Oceanographic Society of Japan and Springer Japan, 2014 Kuroshio extension nationallicence Intensive observation nationallicence Early summer nationallicence SST front nationallicence Mid-latitude air-sea interaction nationallicence Longwave radiation nationallicence Low-level cloud nationallicence Water vapor nationallicence Ceilometer nationallicence Model experiment nationallicence Kawai Yoshimi Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-Cho, 237-0061, Yokosuka, Japan aut Miyama Toru Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3137-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0001, Yokohama, Japan aut Iizuka Satoshi Monitoring and Forecast Research Department, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, 305-0006, Tsukuba, Japan aut Manda Atsuyoshi Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan aut Yoshioka Mayumi Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba Aramaki-aza Aoba-ku, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan aut Katagiri Shuichiro Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba Aramaki-aza Aoba-ku, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan aut Tachibana Yoshihiro Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, 514-8507, Tsu, Japan aut Nakamura Hisashi Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3137-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0001, Yokohama, Japan aut Journal of Oceanography Springer Japan 71/5(2015-10-01), 511-526 0916-8370 71:5<511 2015 71 10872 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-014-0266-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-014-0266-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kawai Yoshimi Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-Cho, 237-0061, Yokosuka, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Miyama Toru Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3137-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0001, Yokohama, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Iizuka Satoshi Monitoring and Forecast Research Department, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, 305-0006, Tsukuba, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Manda Atsuyoshi Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yoshioka Mayumi Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba Aramaki-aza Aoba-ku, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Katagiri Shuichiro Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba Aramaki-aza Aoba-ku, 980-8578, Sendai, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tachibana Yoshihiro Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, 514-8507, Tsu, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Nakamura Hisashi Application Laboratory, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3137-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0001, Yokohama, Japan aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Journal of Oceanography Springer Japan 71/5(2015-10-01), 511-526 0916-8370 71:5<511 2015 71 10872