caa a22 4500 605457042 CHVBK 20210128100221.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00167-013-2680-z doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00167-013-2680-z Tendon healing: an overview of physiology, biology, and pathology of tendon healing and systematic review of state of the art in tendon bioengineering [Elektronische Daten] [Sebastian Müller, Atanas Todorov, Patricia Heisterbach, Ivan Martin, Martin Majewski] Purpose: Tendon injuries vary from acute rupture to chronic tendinopathy. For an optimal treatment of either condition, a profound knowledge is essential. Therefore, this article shall give an overview of physiology, biology, and pathology of tendon healing and state of the art in tendon bioengineering. Methods: For a preferably comprehensive survey, the current literature listed in PubMed and published in English peer-reviewed journals (March 2013) was systematically reviewed for tendon healing and tendon bioengineering including cytokine modulation, autologous sources of growth factors, biomaterials, gene therapy, and cell-based therapy. No differentiation was made between clinical and preclinical in vitro investigations. Results: Tendon healing happens in certain stadiums of inflammation, formation, and remodelling. An additional process of "collagen recycling” close to the healing site has been described recently. With increasing comprehension of physiology and pathology of tendon healing, several promising approaches in tendon bioengineering using growth factors, biomaterials, gene therapy, or cell-based therapy are described. However, only some of these are already used routinely in clinics. Conclusion: Strong and resistant tendons are crucial for a healthy musculoskeletal system. The new approaches in tendon bioengineering are promising to aid physiological tendon healing and thus resulting in a stronger and more resistant tendon after injury. The growing knowledge in this field will need to be further taken into clinical studies so that especially those patients with prolonged courses, revision surgery, or chronic tendinopathy and high-demanding patients, i.e., professional athletes would benefit. Level of evidence: II. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013 Tendon nationallicence Tendon healing nationallicence Bioengineering nationallicence Growth factor nationallicence Stem cell nationallicence Müller Sebastian Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland aut Todorov Atanas Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland aut Heisterbach Patricia Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland aut Martin Ivan Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland aut Majewski Martin Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland aut Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Springer Berlin Heidelberg 23/7(2015-07-01), 2097-2105 0942-2056 23:7<2097 2015 23 167 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-013-2680-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-013-2680-z text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Müller Sebastian Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Todorov Atanas Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Heisterbach Patricia Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Martin Ivan Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Majewski Martin Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Springer Berlin Heidelberg 23/7(2015-07-01), 2097-2105 0942-2056 23:7<2097 2015 23 167