caa a22 4500 605457077 CHVBK 20210128100221.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150701xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s00167-013-2744-0 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s00167-013-2744-0 The hamstring muscle complex [Elektronische Daten] [A. van der Made, T. Wieldraaijer, G. Kerkhoffs, R. Kleipool, L. Engebretsen, C. van Dijk, P. Golanó] Purpose: The anatomical appearance of the hamstring muscle complex was studied to provide hypotheses for the hamstring injury pattern and to provide reference values of origin dimensions, muscle length, tendon length, musculotendinous junction (MTJ) length as well as width and length of a tendinous inscription in the semitendinosus muscle known as the raphe. Methods: Fifty-six hamstring muscle groups were dissected in prone position from 29 human cadaveric specimens with a median age of 71.5 (range 45-98). Results: Data pertaining to origin dimensions, muscle length, tendon length, MTJ length and length as well as width of the raphe were collected. Besides these data, we also encountered interesting findings that might lead to a better understanding of the hamstring injury pattern. These include overlapping proximal and distal tendons of both the long head of the biceps femoris muscle and the semimembranosus muscle (SM), a twist in the proximal SM tendon and a tendinous inscription (raphe) in the semitendinosus muscle present in 96% of specimens. Conclusion: No obvious hypothesis can be provided purely based on either muscle length, tendon length or MTJ length. However, it is possible that overlapping proximal and distal tendons as well as muscle architecture leading to a resultant force not in line with the tendon predispose to muscle injury, whereas the presence of a raphe might plays a role in protecting the muscle against gross injury. Apart from these architectural characteristics that may contribute to a better understanding of the hamstring injury pattern, the provided reference values complement current knowledge on surgically relevant hamstring anatomy. Level of evidence: IV. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013 Hamstring muscles nationallicence Biceps femoris nationallicence Semitendinosus nationallicence Semimembranosus nationallicence Anatomy nationallicence Injury mechanism nationallicence van der Made A. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Wieldraaijer T. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Kerkhoffs G. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Kleipool R. Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Engebretsen L. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Oslo Medical School and Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway aut van Dijk C. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut Golanó P. Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Human Anatomy Unit, University of Barcelona, c/Feixa Llarga s/n (Campus Bellvitge), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain aut Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Springer Berlin Heidelberg 23/7(2015-07-01), 2115-2122 0942-2056 23:7<2115 2015 23 167 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-013-2744-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-013-2744-0 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- van der Made A. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wieldraaijer T. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kerkhoffs G. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kleipool R. Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Engebretsen L. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Oslo Medical School and Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- van Dijk C. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 22700, 1100 DE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Golanó P. Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Human Anatomy Unit, University of Barcelona, c/Feixa Llarga s/n (Campus Bellvitge), 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy Springer Berlin Heidelberg 23/7(2015-07-01), 2115-2122 0942-2056 23:7<2115 2015 23 167