caa a22 4500 605462380 CHVBK 20210128100248.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10211-014-0187-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10211-014-0187-3 The ethological relevance of predator odors to induce changes in prey species [Elektronische Daten] [Ibrahim Hegab, Shushu Kong, Shengmei Yang, Walaa Mohamaden, Wanhong Wei] Predator odors are non-intrusive naturalistic stressors of high ethological relevance. Prey species show specific adaptations that allow recognition, avoidance, and defense against predators. For many mammalian species, this includes sensitivity towards predator-derived odors. The typical sources of such odors include predator skin and fur, urine, feces, and anal gland secretions. Avoidance of predator odors has been observed in many mammalian prey species including rats, mice, and voles. Field and laboratory studies show that predator odors have distinctive behavioral effects which include (1) inhibition of or decreased activity; (2) suppression of non-defensive behaviors such as foraging, feeding, and grooming; and (3) shifts to safe habitats or secured locations where such odors are not present. Chronic exposure to predator odor may elicit one of two controversial processes: sensitization and habituation. Some studies have suggested that chronic exposure to predator odors may induce behavioral sensitization while others stated little or even no habituation at all. Finally, prey species respond variably to different degrees of threats, and the odor intensity is a key factor to determine the "optimal” behavioral response. Future research should aim at linking behavioral and neuroendocrine changes for a better understanding of predator-prey interactions. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and ISPA, 2014 Prey nationallicence Predator nationallicence Behavioral nationallicence Responses nationallicence Chronic nationallicence Odor nationallicence Intensity nationallicence Hegab Ibrahim Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis and Animal Behavior and Management, College of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt aut Kong Shushu Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China aut Yang Shengmei Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China aut Mohamaden Walaa Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China aut Wei Wanhong Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China aut acta ethologica Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/1(2015-02-01), 1-9 0873-9749 18:1<1 2015 18 10211 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10211-014-0187-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 review-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10211-014-0187-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hegab Ibrahim Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonosis and Animal Behavior and Management, College of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Kong Shushu Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Yang Shengmei Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Mohamaden Walaa Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Wei Wanhong Department of Animal Behavior, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- acta ethologica Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/1(2015-02-01), 1-9 0873-9749 18:1<1 2015 18 10211