caa a22 4500 605462658 CHVBK 20210128100249.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150601xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10211-014-0201-9 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10211-014-0201-9 Body size and group size of Cuban tree frog ( Osteopilus septentrionalis ) tadpoles influence their escape behaviour [Elektronische Daten] [Philip Bateman, Patricia Fleming] Tadpoles risk attack from both aquatic and aerial predators. We investigated how body size and group size influenced the behaviour of tadpoles before and during a predatory attack from above to test the predictions of the theoretical economic escape model. We examined escape (swimming) response of small and large Cuban tree frog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) tadpoles kept under three density treatments and predicted that increased group size, body size and depth in the water column would all reduce perceived risk and, therefore, escape responses to simulated predation. Compared with the lower density groups, tadpoles in higher density groups moved shorter distances, and many individuals did not even move away in response to being touched. Contrary to our predictions based on theeconomic escape model, smaller tadpoles (which should be more vulnerable to a greater suite of predators) were less reactive than larger tadpoles, and this result may reflect different costs of escape. Finally, although tadpoles might be exposed to a wider range of predator species (aerial as well as aquatic predators), we found no effect of initial depth on escape responses. In conclusion, it appears that the main benefit of increased group density in O. septentrionalis tadpoles is likely to be predator dilution, and that variation in densities of tadpoles influences the escape behaviour of individual tadpoles, regardless of tadpole size. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and ISPA, 2014 Economic escape model nationallicence Anuran nationallicence Predator nationallicence Bateman Philip Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, 6845, Perth, WA, Australia aut Fleming Patricia School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Perth, WA, Australia aut acta ethologica Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/2(2015-06-01), 161-166 0873-9749 18:2<161 2015 18 10211 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10211-014-0201-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10211-014-0201-9 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Bateman Philip Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Bentley, 6845, Perth, WA, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Fleming Patricia School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Perth, WA, Australia aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- acta ethologica Springer Berlin Heidelberg 18/2(2015-06-01), 161-166 0873-9749 18:2<161 2015 18 10211