caa a22 4500 605464006 CHVBK 20210128100256.0 cr unu---uuuuu 210128e20150201xx s 000 0 eng 10.1007/s10499-014-9821-3 doi (NATIONALLICENCE)springer-10.1007/s10499-014-9821-3 Effect of water flow rates on growth of Cyprinus carpio var. koi ( Cyprinus carpio L., 1758) and spinach plant in aquaponic system [Elektronische Daten] [Tanveer Hussain, A. Verma, V. Tiwari, Chandra Prakash, G. Rathore, A. Shete, Neelam Saharan] The experiment was aimed at standardization of water flow rate in aquaponic system in order to correlate nutrient removal and water quality with growth of Cyprinus carpio var. koi (koi carp fingerlings) and Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis (spinach). Different flow rates, i.e., 3.2, 1.5, and 1.0lmin−1, were assigned as treatments T1, T2, and T3, respectively, with spinach plants (28plantm−2), whereas S1 and S2 were the treatments having flow rates of 1.5 and 1.0lmin−1, respectively, without plants. Control (C) was set at flow rates of 3.2lmin−1 without plants. Treatment T2 (1.5lmin−1) showed highest weight gain of koi carp fingerlings and also height gain of spinach plants as compared to other treatments. There was no significant difference in length gain, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency ratio, and protein efficiency ratio as compared to other treatments and control. All the treatments, T1, T2, and T3, effectively remove nitrate (77-78%), phosphate (47.04-55.06%), and potassium (22.85-29.16%) from fish effluent tanks. These results suggest that flow rates 3.2, 1.5, and 1.0lmin−1 were effective under aquaponic system. Of which, 1.5lmin−1 can be suggested as optimum water flow rate for the growth of spinach and koi carp in aquaponic system as percentage weight gain in fish, percentage height gain, and yield of plants were higher compared to flow rates 3.2 and 1.0lmin−1. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2014 Aquaponic system nationallicence Koi carp nationallicence Spinach nationallicence Flow rate nationallicence Nutrient dynamics nationallicence Nutrient removal nationallicence Hussain Tanveer Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), 400 061, Mumbai, India aut Verma A. Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), 400 061, Mumbai, India aut Tiwari V. Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), 400 061, Mumbai, India aut Prakash Chandra Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), 400 061, Mumbai, India aut Rathore G. Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), 400 061, Mumbai, India aut Shete A. Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), 400 061, Mumbai, India aut Saharan Neelam Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), 400 061, Mumbai, India aut Aquaculture International Springer International Publishing 23/1(2015-02-01), 369-384 0967-6120 23:1<369 2015 23 10499 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-014-9821-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI BK010053 XK010053 XK010000 Metadata rights reserved Springer special CC-BY-NC licence nationallicence 1 research-article jats NATIONALLICENCE NATIONALLICENCE NL-springer NATIONALLICENCE 856 40 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-014-9821-3 text/html Onlinezugriff via DOI NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Hussain Tanveer Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), 400 061, Mumbai, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Verma A. Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), 400 061, Mumbai, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Tiwari V. Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), 400 061, Mumbai, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Prakash Chandra Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), 400 061, Mumbai, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Rathore G. Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), 400 061, Mumbai, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Shete A. Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), 400 061, Mumbai, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 700 1- Saharan Neelam Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Panch Marg, Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), 400 061, Mumbai, India aut NATIONALLICENCE 773 0- Aquaculture International Springer International Publishing 23/1(2015-02-01), 369-384 0967-6120 23:1<369 2015 23 10499